Since October 3, at least 36 people have been killed in floods and landslides across the state, as days of torrential rain destroyed hundreds of homes, washed away tea estates, and left roads impassable.
The deluge also swamped large parts of Gorumara and Jaldapara national parks, protected reserves in the Himalayan foothills that shelter elephants, bison, tigers, and the endangered one-horned rhinoceros.
"The two wildlife sanctuaries... have been submerged under floodwater forcing the animals to stray out," West Bengal forest minister Birbaha Hansda told AFP.
"A herd of 30 elephants strayed out and were seen running through water, trumpeting loudly... We don't know how many elephants will survive," she said.
A leopard was spotted "negotiating choppy water", she said, but has not been seen since.
Other animals could not escape.
"The carcasses of dead animals have started emerging on the riverbanks," she said, listing two leopards, a rhino and several bison and deer among the dead.
farm Some rescues were successful.
"Two captive elephants were brought to pull out an adult rhino and two elephant calves stuck on a river bank," she added.
India's one-horned Asian rhino population has almost tripled in the past four decades thanks to conservation and anti-poaching efforts, from 1,500 four decades ago to more than 4,000 today.
Snakebite surge as Bangladesh hit by record rains
Rajshahi, Bangladesh (AFP) Oct 8, 2025 -
In the swamplands along Bangladesh's mighty Padma River, snakes slithering through villages have become an unrelenting menace, leaving residents terrified and hospitals overwhelmed with bite victims.
Doctors and experts warn snakebites are on the rise, driven by heavy rains, shrinking habitats and shifting farming practices.
Bangladesh -- among the nations most vulnerable to climate change -- has seen nearly 15,000 snakebite admissions this year, with 84 deaths reported so far.
Farmer Ananda Mondol broke down as he recalled how a snake bit his ankle while he was working in a rice field this year.
"I couldn't talk, I couldn't move," the 35-year-old from Nimtola, a village in the northern district of Rajshahi, told AFP.
"I vomited, lost control of my bowels, and saliva was coming out of my mouth."
He spent three days in intensive care, and is still plagued by sleepless nights and persistent muscle pain.
The father of four has not returned to the fields since.
His wife, Sunita Rani, a traditional healer, said the family cannot afford further treatment.
Across the villages of northern Bangladesh, similar stories abound.
"Sometimes, they even lie with us on the bed," said Rezina Begum, as she washed clothes by the river.
Another villager, Mohammad Bablu, told AFP he dreads walking through the fields.
"My heart races," he said. "Only yesterday they killed seven snakes."
- 'Strong swimmers' -
The swamplands have always been a sanctuary for snakes, but floodwaters brought on by this year's extra heavy monsoon rains have pushed more of them from their natural shelters into human settlements.
And doctors say that has ramped up the deadly consequences.
At least 25 people have died from snakebites at the Rajshahi Medical College hospital since January, said professor of medicine Abu Shahin Mohammed Mahbubur Rahman.
The hospital treated more than 1,000 cases in nine months, including 206 bites from venomous species such as cobras, kraits and the feared Russell's viper.
"Many patients suffer acute kidney failure after snakebites," Rahman said.
Nationwide, authorities have recorded 84 snakebite deaths so far this year, alongside nearly 15,000 admissions.
That follows 118 deaths in 2024, one of the highest tolls in recent memory.
The once uncommon venomous Russell's viper has seen a resurgence in numbers since 2013, spreading panic.
Fatalities have risen steadily since.
A prolific breeder, Russell's vipers do not lay eggs -- they give birth to as many as 60 babies at a time, making them difficult to contain.
"They are strong swimmers and can float on water hyacinths," said Farid Ahsan, professor of zoology at Chittagong University.
This year's heavy rains have worsened the risk.
Rajshahi recorded 1,409 millimetres of rainfall between May and September, nearly a fifth higher above the seasonal norm of 1,175 mm.
- Boots and nets -
But experts say climate change is only part of the picture.
Gowhar Naim Wara, a disaster management specialist, blamed urbanisation and farming practices.
"Their habitat is gone, and they are now living in close contact with humans," Wara said.
Hospitals have scrambled to stock antivenom.
"We have sufficient antivenoms for the next three weeks," said Md Sayedur Rahman, special assistant at the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, adding that more imports were on the way.
But experts caution imported antidotes are not always effective, as venoms vary by species and region.
Bangladesh is working on its own treatments, with progress on a Russell's viper antivenom - though rollout remains at least three years away.
In the meantime, villagers are adapting as best they can -- carrying sticks and torches at night, wearing jeans and boots in the fields, and sleeping under mosquito nets.
"It could be any of us next," said Bablu. "We live every day with that thought."
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