Study shows bed rest simulating space affects human gene rhythms

Study shows bed rest simulating space affects human gene rhythms
by Sophie Jenkins
London, UK (SPX) Mar 20, 2024

A study by the University of Surrey has revealed that simulated microgravity conditions, akin to those experienced by astronauts, cause disruptions in the natural rhythms of gene expression in humans. This simulation was achieved through 60 days of bed rest, providing insights into the molecular changes that occur in space.

The study underscores the effects of microgravity on human physiology, which includes immune system weakening, inflammation escalation, and the decline of muscle mass and bone density. These findings are critical as human spaceflight becomes more prevalent, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular shifts driving these physical changes.

Professor Simon Archer, who led the research, highlighted the importance of the study's approach, stating, "By analyzing the largest longitudinal dataset of human gene expression over time, we've uncovered substantial disruptions in the rhythm of gene expression due to simulated microgravity. This disruption not only affects our understanding of space travel's impact on the human body but also sheds light on the effects of prolonged bed rest on gene expression."

The research, conducted in collaboration with the European Space Agency at the MEDES space clinic in Toulouse, involved a comprehensive 90-day study on 20 male participants. They underwent a two-week baseline period followed by 60 days of bed rest in a position designed to simulate microgravity. The study concluded with a two-week recovery phase.

Analysis of gene expression throughout the study revealed that 91 percent of rhythmic genes were affected, with alterations in the number, timing, and intensity of their expression patterns. These changes have implications for protein synthesis, immune response, inflammation, and muscle function, with muscle function showing signs of recovery post-study, but with lasting effects on protein synthesis observed.

Professor Derk-Jan Dijk, a senior author of the study, emphasized the relevance of these findings to the burgeoning field of space travel and tourism, stating, "As space travel transitions from a dream to reality, understanding microgravity's impact on the human body is essential. Our study provides foundational knowledge for future space exploration and the development of strategies to safeguard astronauts' health."

Professor Keith Ryden further highlighted the timeliness of this research amidst renewed interest in human spaceflight and the advent of space tourism. He remarked on the University of Surrey's contributions to preparing for the health and safety challenges that space travelers will face in the future.

This study marks a important advancement in understanding how extended periods in a space-like environment can alter the human body's genetic clock and its implications for future space exploration and the growing space tourism industry.

Research Report:Extensive dynamic changes in the human transcriptome and its circadian organization during prolonged bed rest