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Alien species to increase by 36 percent globally by 2050
by Brooks Hays
Washington DC (UPI) Oct 01, 2020

After Xi's climate surprise, no biodiversity announcement
Washington (AFP) Sept 30, 2020 - Chinese President Xi Jinping on Wednesday urged global cooperation to protect the Earth's biodiversity but stopped short of making a major environmental commitment at a UN summit notable for the absence of his US counterpart Donald Trump.

Some observers believed the Chinese leader may surprise world leaders as he did last week when announcing his country would go carbon neutral by 2060.

"The loss of biodiversity and the degradation of the ecosystem pose a major risk to human survival and development," Xi told the virtual meeting.

"Covid-19 reminds us of the interdependence between man and nature. It falls to all of us to act together and urgently to advance protection and development in parallel," he added.

Xi defended the "UN-centered international system" and the Paris climate accord, in what appeared to be an attack at the US, which is set to leave the landmark agreement.

Ahead of the summit, more than 60 heads of state and government promised to slash air pollution, eliminate ocean plastic and transition to more sustainable food systems by 2030.

Nations including Germany, France, Britain and Mexico promised to develop an "ambitious" plan ahead of next year's UN COP15 Biodiversity Conference that will be hosted by Xi in Kunming, China.

But other major countries including China, Brazil, Australia and Russia have so far not signed on.

The UN's periodic review of existing global conservation plans found this month that nations were set to miss all 20 targets they set themselves back in 2010 to halt nature loss.

The WWF's biennial Living Planet Index, released separately this month, showed that wild populations of animals, birds, fish and plants had plummeted nearly 70 percent since 1970.

As world leaders spoke at the summit, the environmental group Greenpeace held a protest near the UN building featuring melting sculptures of Donald Trump and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro.

The protest was aimed at highlighting the failures of both administrations to address the crises being discussed at the summit, and the fact that no one from the Trump administration was scheduled to address the event.

Bolsonaro did address the summit, where he lashed out, as he has done in the past, over international concerns at the rapid deforestation of the Amazon.

"I strongly reject international greed towards our coveted Amazon," he said, adding: "We shall defend it against actions and narratives that may prove harmful to our national interests."

An EU-Mercosur trade deal remains stalled over French concerns over the Amazon, which Brazil has said is motivated by protectionism.

The number alien species is projected to increase by 36 percent by 2050, according to a new study published Thursday in the journal Global Change Biology.

Species are classified as alien when they colonize habitat outside their native ranges.

To predict how many new species will become aliens in the decades ahead, researchers relied on a mathematical model to analyze current rates of invasion, consider the source pool of possible invaders and produce simulations based on a 'business-as-usual' scenario.

The model predicted that by the middle of the century, there will be 36 percent more alien plant and animal species than there were in 2005.

If current invasion rates continue apace, the data suggests Europe will fare particularly poorly, with the continent expected to welcome 2,500 new alien species over the next 45 years -- a 64 percent increase, double the projected global increase.

"Our study predicts that alien species will continue to be added to ecosystems at high rates through the next few decades, which is concerning as this could contribute to harmful biodiversity change and extinction," study co-author Tim Blackburn said in a news release.

"But we are not helpless bystanders: with a concerted global effort to combat this, it should be possible to slow down or reverse this trend," said Blackburn, a professor of invasion biology at the University College London.

Besides Europe, the new simulations showed temperate latitudes in Asia, North America and South America are also likely to welcome a pronounced uptick in alien invaders. Conversely, Australia is expected to see a relatively small number of new alien species.

In Europe, the invaders won't always be obvious.

"These will primarily include rather inconspicuous new arrivals such as insects, molluscs and crustaceans," said lead study author Hanno Seebens.

"In contrast, there will be very few new alien mammal species such as the well-known raccoon," said Seebens, a professor of biodiversity dynamics and climate at Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Germany.

A similar pattern is expected around the globe, with arthropods, such as arachnids and crustaceans, making up a large percentage of the newest alien species.

"We predict the number of aliens from these groups to increase in every region of the world by the middle of the century -- by almost 120% in the temperate latitudes of Asia," said Franz Essl, study co-author and researcher at the University of Vienna.

Scientists suggest the rate at which new alien species arrive in most parts of the world is likely to accelerate in the coming decades, as global trade and travel continue to increase.

"We will not be able to entirely prevent the introduction of alien species, as this would mean severe restrictions in international trade," Seebens said.

"However, stricter regulations and their rigorous enforcement could greatly slow the flow of new species. The benefits of such measures have been shown in some parts of the world. Regulations are still comparatively lax in Europe, and so there is great potential here for new measures to curtail the arrival of new aliens," he said.


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FLORA AND FAUNA
Life still precarious for pangolins despite Vietnam's illegal trade crackdown
Ninh B�nh, Vietnam (AFP) Sept 24, 2020
Head keeper Tran Van Truong gently takes a curled-up pangolin into his arms, comforting the shy creature rescued months earlier from traffickers in Vietnam. Life remains precarious for the world's most trafficked mammal despite the country's renewed vow to crack down on the illegal wildlife trade that many blame for the coronavirus pandemic. Arrests, prosecutions and wildlife seizures are up in Vietnam, but conservationists warn corruption and patchy law enforcement mean the scourge of traffick ... read more

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