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Red planet and 'blood moon' pair up to dazzle skygazers
By Mariette le Roux and Pascale Mollard
Paris (AFP) July 27, 2018

Total lunar eclipse to be visible for record amount of time
Washington (UPI) Jul 27, 2018 - Spoiler alert -- residents of the United States are going to miss out on Friday's total lunar eclipse. In North America, only a sliver of eastern Canada and the eastern Caribbean will be able to catch a glimpse of the moon in shadow.

As this NASA map showcases, most of the rest of the world will get to witness the phenomenon. At what time of day the lunar eclipse will appear depends on where you live.

Would-be viewers can calculate the best time to look skyward using the charts at timeanddate.com. The same website will also offer a live stream for those thwarted by geography or the weather.

In Britain, for example, the lunar eclipse will last throughout the evening, beginning when the moon rises at 8:50 p.m. local time.

Unlike like a solar eclipse, it is entirely safe to look directly at a lunar eclipse. Friday's eclipse will offer sky-watchers more time than usual to look.

As NPR reported, NASA expects Friday's lunar eclipse to be the longest this century. The event will last more than six hours, and the total eclipse will last as estimated one hour and 42 minutes. During this time, the Earth, sun and moon will be in a direct line

As Space.com explained, the eclipse's record length is the result the moon's positioning relative to Earth. Just before the lunar eclipse event, the moon will reach its apogee, its farthest point from Earth. When the moon is farther away, it orbits Earth more slowly -- meaning it will take its time as it passes through Earth's shadow.

The moon will also be plotting a fairly long path across the Earth's disk-shaped shadow.

"The Moon is passing very close to the center of Earth's shadow, so it is passing on a chord that almost equals the full diameter of the shadow," Steve Edberg, an astronomer who recently retired from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, told the Los Angeles Times. "In other words, the moon is taking almost the longest possible path through Earth's shadow."

Lunar eclipse are sometimes referred to as blood moons, as a result of the reddish orange tint the face of the moon takes on as moves entirely into the shadow of Earth. The red hue is caused by rays of sunlight refracted by Earth's atmosphere. These red rays are always cast into the space behind Earth, but they are normally drowned out by the sun's direct light.

The longest "blood moon" eclipse this century will coincide with Mars' closest approach in 15 years on Friday to offer skygazers a thrilling astronomical double bill.

Viewers will need no protective eye gear to observe the spectacle -- unlike when watching solar eclipse.

"All you have to do is... go outside!" the Royal Astronomical Society in London advises.

For about half the world, the moon will be partly or fully in Earth's shadow from 1714 to 2328 GMT -- six hours and 14 minutes in all.

The period of complete eclipse -- known as "totality", when the moon appears darkest -- will last from 1930 to 2113 GMT.

"Totality will last for 103 minutes, making it the longest eclipse of the 21st century!" the Royal Astronomical Society said.

At the same time, Mars will hover near the moon in the night sky, easily visible with the naked eye.

Our neighbouring planet will appear unusually large and bright, a mere 57.7 million kilometres (35.9 million miles) from Earth on its elliptical orbit around the sun.

"We have a rare and interesting conjunction of phenomena," Pascal Descamps, an astronomer with the Paris Observatory, told AFP.

"We should have a coppery red tint on the moon with Mars the 'Red Planet' just next to it, very bright and with a slight orange hue itself."

Amateur astronomers in the southern hemisphere will be best-placed to enjoy the spectacle, especially those in southern Africa, Australia, India and Madagascar, though it will also be partly visible in Europe and South America.

"If you want a close-up view of the moon as it turns red, a pair of binoculars is helpful," Royal Astronomical Society said.

- Celestial bodies align -

A total lunar eclipse happens when Earth takes position in a straight line between the moon and sun, blotting out the direct sunlight that normally makes our satellite glow whitish-yellow.

The moon travels to a similar position every month, but the tilt of its orbit means it normally passes above or below the Earth's shadow -- so most months we have a full moon without an eclipse.

When the three celestial bodies are perfectly lined up, however, the Earth's atmosphere scatters blue light from the sun while refracting or bending red light onto the moon, usually giving it a rosy blush.

This is what gives the phenomenon the name "blood moon", though Mark Bailey of the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland said the colour can vary greatly.

It depends partly on "how cloudy or transparent those parts of the Earth's atmosphere are which enable sunlight to reach the moon", he told AFP.

"During a very dark eclipse the moon may be almost invisible.

"Less dark eclipses may show the moon as dark grey or brown... as rust-coloured, brick-red, or, if very bright, copper-red or orange."

The long duration of this eclipse is partly due to the fact that the moon will make a near-central passage through Earth's umbra -- the darkest, most central part of the shadow.

- 'Eerie and beautiful' -

Our constant companion will also be at the farthest point on its orbit from Earth, making its movement across the sky slower from our perspective, thus spending longer in the dark.

NASA, meanwhile, has called out social media hoaxers claiming that Mars will appear as big as the moon during the eclipse.

"If that were true, we'd be in big trouble given the gravitational pulls on Earth, Mars, and our moon!" the NASA website states.

Mars will more likely appear as a very bright star.

"All eclipses are spectacular," the Royal Astronomical Society's Robert Massey said.

"In the middle of a lunar eclipse it can look as if a red planet has taken up residence near the Earth -- they are both eerie and beautiful and I'll certainly be looking out for it!"


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SOLAR SCIENCE
Red planet and 'blood moon' pair up to dazzle skygazers
Paris (AFP) July 25, 2018
The longest "blood moon" eclipse this century will coincide with Mars' closest approach in 15 years to offer skygazers a thrilling astronomical double bill on Friday, astronomers say. For about half the world, the moon will be partly or fully in Earth's shadow from 1714 to 2328 GMT - six hours and 14 minutes in all. The period of complete eclipse - known as "totality", when the moon appears darkest - will last from 1930 to 2113 GMT. "Totality will last for 103 minutes, making it the longe ... read more

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