Lior Shamir, an associate professor of computer science, conducted an observational study using imaging from three telescopes and over 30,000 galaxies to measure the redshift of galaxies based on their distance from Earth. Redshift refers to the shift in light waves emitted by galaxies, which astronomers use to estimate a galaxy's speed.
Shamir's findings align with the long-standing "Tired Light" theory, originally proposed in the 1920s.
"In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble and George Lemaitre discovered that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it appears to move away from Earth," Shamir explained. "That discovery led to the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe began expanding approximately 13.8 billion years ago. Around the same time, astronomer Fritz Zwicky proposed that distant galaxies are not actually moving faster but that light photons lose energy as they travel through space."
Zwicky's theory suggests that as light travels, it loses energy, which creates the illusion that distant galaxies are moving away more quickly.
"The Tired Light theory was largely neglected as the Big Bang theory gained consensus," Shamir noted. "However, confidence in the Big Bang model started to wane after the James Webb Space Telescope provided deep images of the early universe. Instead of showing an infant universe, the images revealed large and mature galaxies. If the Big Bang occurred as previously thought, these galaxies would be older than the universe itself."
Shamir's study further questions the Big Bang by using the Earth's rotational velocity around the Milky Way's center to test how redshift changes based on the velocity and distance of galaxies relative to Earth.
"The results showed that galaxies rotating in the opposite direction relative to the Milky Way had lower redshifts compared to galaxies rotating in the same direction," Shamir said. "This difference reflects Earth's motion as it rotates with the Milky Way. The redshift difference increased as the distance of galaxies from Earth grew, in line with Zwicky's Tired Light theory."
Shamir's research was published in 'Particles', an international, peer-reviewed journal covering aspects of nuclear, particle, and astrophysics science.
Research Report:An Empirical Consistent Redshift Bias: A Possible Direct Observation of Zwicky's TL Theory
Related Links
Kansas State University
Understanding Time and Space
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