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Scientists link star-shredding event to origins of universe's highest-energy particles by Staff Writers New York NY (SPX) Feb 23, 2021
A team of scientists has detected the presence of a high-energy neutrino - a particularly elusive particle - in the wake of a star's destruction as it is consumed by a black hole. This discovery, reported in the journal Nature Astronomy, sheds new light on the origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays - the highest energy particles in the Universe. The work, which included researchers from more than two dozen institutions, including New York University and Germany's DESY research center, focused on neutrinos - subatomic particles that are produced on Earth only in powerful accelerators. Neutrinos - as well as the process of their creation - are hard to detect, making their discovery, along with that of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), noteworthy. "The origin of cosmic high-energy neutrinos is unknown, primarily because they are notoriously hard to pin down," explains Sjoert van Velzen, one of the paper's lead authors and a postdoctoral fellow in NYU's Department of Physics at the time of the discovery. "This result would be only the second time high-energy neutrinos have been traced back to their source." Previous research by van Velzen, now at the Netherlands' Leiden University, and NYU physicist Glennys Farrar, a co-author of the new Nature Astronomy paper, found some of the earliest evidence of black holes destroying stars in what are now known as Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs). These findings set the stage for determining if TDEs could be responsible for producing UHECRs. The research reported in Nature Astronomy offered support for this conclusion. Previously, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a National Science Foundation-backed detector located in the South Pole, reported the detection of a neutrino, whose path was later traced by the Zwicky Transient Facility at Caltech's Palomar Observatory. Specifically, its measurements showed a spatial coincidence of a high-energy neutrino and light emitted after a TDE - a star consumed by a black hole. "This suggests these star shredding events are powerful enough to accelerate high-energy particles," van Velzen explains. "Discovering neutrinos associated with TDEs is a breakthrough in understanding the origin of the high-energy astrophysical neutrinos identified by the IceCube detector at the South Pole whose sources have so far been elusive," adds Farrar, who proposed in a 2009 paper that UHECRs could be accelerated in TDEs. "The neutrino-TDE coincidence also sheds light on a decades old problem: the origin of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays."
New form of crystalline ice may help learn about hydrogen bonds Washington DC (UPI) Feb 18, 2021 Using neutron diffraction, scientists have characterized the crystalline structure of a newly named ice form, ice XIX. Researchers described the exotic ice form in a new paper, published Thursday in the journal Nature Communications. Almost all naturally occurring frozen water on planet Earth, whether ice or snow, exists in the hexagonal crystal form called ordinary ice - or ice one. Common ice is characterized by its six-membered rings of oxygen atoms. But as scientists have dis ... read more
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