As the Berlin gathering got underway, the EU also announced that Amazon and Microsoft cloud services could face stricter competition rules in the bloc as Brussels probes their market power.

The summit brought together leaders from Europe's tech sector, and was to be addressed by German Chancellor Friedrich Merz and French President Emmanuel Macron later Tuesday.

"Europe's goal is very simple: we want to lead, not follow, on AI and frontier technologies," European Commission digital chief Henna Virkkunen told the opening of the event.

"We have the market, we have the talent, we have the ambition. Now we must deliver scale in investment, innovation and uptake."

Europe is responding to calls to blaze its own digital path and take steps to catch up in the AI race against China and the United States.

Concerns about US tech dominance have also grown as ties with Washington become increasingly uneasy under the "America First" administration of Donald Trump.

Despite the US-Europe tensions, a senior official from the French presidency said the summit was not about "confrontation" with the United States or even China, but rather protecting "our core sovereignty".

- 'Become a creator' -

Arthur Mensch, CEO of French AI firm Mistral, told a panel at the summit that he had helped found the company as "we didn't want Europe to become an AI colony, and it was starting to look a bit like this in 2023".

But European regulations needed to be better designed to help local companies, added Christian Klein, chief executive of German software giant SAP.

"You need a framework here in Europe where you can build your business, where you can thrive," he said.

His comments came a day before the EU was set to propose a rollback of its rules on AI and data protection -- a move welcomed by businesses, but criticised by privacy advocates.

Virkkunen also announced the move against Amazon and Microsoft cloud services in Berlin, saying that twin investigations aim to assess whether the tech giants "should be designated as the gatekeepers on cloud computing".

The European Commission, the bloc's digital regulator, said it will investigate whether Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft's Azure should come under the scope of the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

Efforts to build up "sovereign" EU cloud computing capabilities, which proponents argue would better protect Europeans' data, were also being discussed in Berlin.

Digital ministers from across Europe, as well as CEOs of tech firms like France's Mistral and Germany's SAP, were attending, and announcements on new digital initiatives were expected.

- 'Protect sovereignty' -

After giving their keynote addresses, Merz and Macron were to dine with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

As well as worrying about US dependence, Europe has long-standing concerns about reliance on firms in China and other parts of Asia for hardware, from semiconductors to laptop components.

But the continent faces an uphill battle to switch supply chains from foreign companies in the digital realm.

The region is struggling after a period of prolonged economic weakness and its tech firms remain far smaller than their US rivals.

As of last year, the continent's data centres -- crucial for AI -- had computing capacity of just 16 gigawatts, compared with 48 in the US and 38 in China, according to a recent study by German digital business association Bitkom.

But Klein of SAP struck an upbeat note.

"We have our own industries that we are good at," he said.

"Let's apply AI in these battlegrounds, then Europe has a bright future."

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