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One-dimensional crystals for low-temperature thermoelectric cooling
by Staff Writers
Nagoya, Japan (SPX) May 28, 2017


Ta4SiTe4 whisker crystals (left lower) show very large thermoelectric power exceeding -400 uV K-1 at low temperature, while maintaining low electrical resistivity (right upper). This results in that thermoelectric power factor (right lower), an indication of cooling power, becomes a very large value far exceeding those of the practical materials (typically 40 uW cm-1 K-2 for the Bi2Te3-based material). The optimum temperature of the power factor can be widely controlled by molybdenum (Mo) or antimony (Sb) doping. Credit Yoshihiko Okamoto

Thermoelectric cooling is a solid-state refrigeration process where the heat in an electrically conductive material is transferred using the material's own conduction electrons without any need for the gaseous coolants, such as chlorofluorocarbons, that are used in conventional refrigeration.

Coolers based on thermoelectric technology can be scaled down in size without changing their thermal-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency and this is a major advantage for localized cooling of tiny electronic devices.

This effect is already used for temperature control in devices such as infrared sensors and laser diodes, and has also been used to provide low-temperature refrigeration for cryogenic electronic devices like superconducting sensors.

However, the lack of materials with suitable thermoelectric efficiency for practical cooling applications at temperatures below 250 K (approximately -23C) has driven researchers at Nagoya University to look at the effectiveness of new compounds for truly low-temperature applications.

"We studied the thermoelectric properties of whisker-like crystals composed of a compound of tantalum, silicon and tellurium," says corresponding author Yoshihiko Okamoto from Nagoya University's Department of Applied Physics.

"These crystals produced very high thermoelectric powers over a wide temperature range, from the cryogenic level of 50 K (which is around -223C) up to room temperature, but still maintained the low electrical resistivity that is needed for practical cooling applications."

The samples that were grown for the experiments included pure Ta4SiTe4 and other crystals that were chemically doped with low levels of molybdenum and antimony.

Various material properties were measured for the samples, including thermoelectric power, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity, to compare the effects of the two dopants on their thermoelectric characteristics. "We measured a very high thermoelectric power factor at an optimum temperature of 130 K," adds Okamoto.

"However, this optimum temperature could be controlled over a very broad range by varying the chemical doping, and indicates that these crystals are suitable for practical low-temperature use."

Addition of as little as 0.1% molybdenum doping caused the resistivity of the telluride-type crystals to decrease dramatically at low temperatures, while they also demonstrated high thermoelectric powers that were closely related to the strongly one-dimensional electronic structures of the materials.

The power factors of the crystals at room temperature greatly exceeded the corresponding values of the conventional Bi2Te3-based alloys that are commonly used in thermoelectric applications, and these crystals thus represent a highly promising route towards the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling solutions at very low temperatures.

The article, "Large thermoelectric power factor at low temperatures in one-dimensional telluride Ta4SiTe4," was published in Applied Physics Letters at DOI: 10.1063/1.4982623.

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Japanese researchers have succeeded in deriving a theoretical formula that quantitatively predicts the wetting and spreading behavior of droplets that collide with the flat surface of a solid material. Although the behavior of droplets colliding with a solid surface looks simple superficially, it is actually quite complicated due to various factors which influence each other such as surface roug ... read more

Related Links
Nagoya University
Space Technology News - Applications and Research


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