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NATO gives frosty reception to ICAN win; Kremlin says 'no alternative to nuclear parity'
by Staff Writers
Brussels (AFP) Oct 6, 2017


Who are the members of the nuclear club?
Paris (AFP) Oct 6, 2017 - Around 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons are held by the United States and Russia, with the remainder in the hands of another seven countries including North Korea who form a small global nuclear club.

ICAN, the International Coalition to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for its decade-long campaign to ban the estimated 15,000 atomic weapons around the world.

Around 4,000 are currently deployed and ready to be used, according to figures from the Federation of American Scientists.

The United States is the only country that has ever used a nuclear weapon, on August 6 and 9, 1945, on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where some 140,000 and 70,000 people died respectively.

Since 1970, when the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) entered into force, five declared nuclear powers -- the US, Russia, France, Britain and China -- agreed not to sell or transfer their weapons technology to other countries.

Other signatories of the treaty -- there are 191 in total -- also agreed not to pursue a nuclear weapons programme.

Some countries abandoned their nuclear ambitions at around the time of the treaty, including Sweden (1968) and Switzerland (1969), while others have since dropped their programmes such as South Africa (1991) and ex-Soviet republics.

Despite the NPT, four other countries managed to develop their own nuclear capability: India, Pakistan and Israel, which never signed the treaty, and most recently North Korea, which pulled out of the treaty in 2003.

A number of scientists are suspected of taking part in the illicit trade of nuclear secrets including Abdul Qadeer Khan, considered the father of Pakistan's bomb who admitted to being in contact with Iran, Libya and North Korea in 2004.

Iran was suspected of trying to develop its own nuclear weapons capability over the last two decades, which top Nobel world powers feared would lead to an atomic arms race in the Middle East.

In 2015, Tehran signed a deal agreeing to inspections and promising that it would use nuclear technology only for energy or other civilian purposes in exchange for the lifting of international sanctions.

US President Donald Trump is set to decide by October 15 whether to stick with the deal, which his Western allies insist is the only way of containing the threat. He once called it "the worst deal ever".

NATO gave a chilly reception to nuclear disarmament group ICAN's Nobel Peace Prize win Friday, saying efforts to end the atomic bomb must take into account the "realities" of global security.

The Geneva-based organisation, recognised by the Nobel committee for its decade-long campaign, was a key player in the adoption of a treaty symbolically banning nuclear weapons, signed by 122 countries at the UN in July.

NATO, which has three of the world's nuclear powers in its ranks, strongly criticised the treaty, saying it risked undermining the international response to North Korea's atomic weapons programme.

Jens Stoltenberg, the alliance's secretary-general, welcomed "the attention given to the issue" of disarmament by the Nobel Committee and said NATO was committed to creating conditions for a world without nuclear weapons.

But he restated his criticism of the nuclear ban treaty -- which was shunned by all nuclear powers -- saying it put years of progress on non-proliferation at risk.

"What we need is verifiable and balanced reduction of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which all NATO Allies have signed, remains the cornerstone of international efforts to do so," he said in a statement, adding that NATO would remain a nuclear alliance as long as nuclear weapons existed.

"NATO regrets that the conditions for achieving nuclear disarmament are not favourable today, but efforts towards disarmament must take into account the realities of current security environment."

Disarmament campaigners hailed the July treaty as an important step but most NATO members boycotted the talks to prepare the text, as did Japan -- the only country to have suffered nuclear attacks, in 1945.

Nuclear powers argue their arsenals serve as a deterrent and say they remain committed to the gradual approach to disarmament outlined in the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Kremlin says 'no alternative to nuclear parity'
Moscow (AFP) Oct 6, 2017 - President Vladimir Putin's spokesman said Friday there is "no alternative to nuclear parity" for global security, speaking after the Geneva-based ICAN group won the Nobel Peace Prize for its decade-long campaign to ban the atomic bomb.

"President Vladimir Putin has spoken many times about the importance of nuclear parity, for which there is no alternative from the point of view of global security and stability," Dmitry Peskov told reporters.

He reiterated Russia's "consistent and active position aimed at the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons".

"Russia is a responsible member of the nuclear club," Peskov said, adding that one had to "respect" the decision of the Nobel committee.

ICAN was a key player in the adoption of a historic nuclear weapons ban treaty, signed by 122 countries in July.

However, the accord was largely symbolic as none of the nine known world nuclear powers signed up to it.

The coalition of hundreds of NGOs says its main objective is the adoption of an international treaty banning nuclear weapons, along the lines of earlier agreements forbidding the use of biological and chemical weapons, landmines and cluster munitions.

NUKEWARS
ICAN: staunch campaigners for an end to nuclear weapons
Geneva (AFP) Oct 6, 2017
With the nuclear threat at its most acute in decades, the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, which on Friday won the Nobel Peace Prize, is urgently pressing to consign the bomb to history. The Geneva-based organisation, known by the acronym ICAN, has for the past decade been sounding the alarm over the massive dangers posed by nuclear weapons and campaigning for a global ban. ... read more

Related Links
Learn about nuclear weapons doctrine and defense at SpaceWar.com
Learn about missile defense at SpaceWar.com
All about missiles at SpaceWar.com
Learn about the Superpowers of the 21st Century at SpaceWar.com


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