UNISPACE Workshops Issue Various Recommendations
Vienna - August 1, 1999 - After five days or intense debate driven by both science and international politics the various UNISPACE workshops have issued recommendations on a range of issues.
Clean and Inexhaustible Space Solar Power
- Encouraging organizations around the world to further investigate the technical and economical feasibility of Space Solar Power (SSP) and to perform demonstrations on the ground and in space that can validate necessary technological advances and engender global familiarity with SSP.
- Promoting individual market analyses by all countries of their future needs for electricity and the prospects for meeting that demand by using clean renewable energy sources, including SSP.
- Stimulating international collaboration and cooperation, involving both developed and developing countries, to find a global solution for the use of SSP.
- Requiring that the United Nations create an international office to address the Workshop's recommendations.
EO Technology Transfer
- The creation of a national geospatial infrastructure be accorded the same level of support as other elements of national infrastructure such as transportation networks and health care.
- Governments look to indigenous industry to support government requirements, to better extract knowledge from data and add local understanding and to identify and develop new markets.
- Government foster an environment in which private industry can operate and develop international partnerships.
Intellectual Property and Space Activities
- Continue its efforts to establish a legal framework which will allow space activities in the 21st Century to harmonize with the basic principles of promoting progress in science and useful arts as well as taking advantage of space benefits for all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development and on the other hand, provide for sufficient legal protection for guaranteeing an adequate return on investment.
- Take, as soon as possible, regulatory actions to ensure applicability of Intellectual Property on activities in Outer Space.
- Draft and recommend space regulations in close coordination with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Education Workshop
- The importance of developing awareness about basic science in order to increase the spread of science education.
- That students from developing countries should be given the opportunity to follow Masters courses and do research studies abroad.
- A significant contribution by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (OOSA) is needed to enhance education in developing countries.
Industrial Utilizations of ISS
- Frequent access to space is needed in order to produce success.
- Public participation in the International Space Station (ISS) programme needs to be promoted.
- Exploitation of the ISS demands efficiency -- anything that can be done commercially should be done.
International Standardization for Space Systems
- Developing countries benefit from space activities through international standardization.
- The concept of Open Standardization allows smaller organizations to benefit from "off the shelf" products.
- Space programmes and services benefit from common experiment designs, spacecraft interfaces, ground stations and product qualification methods.
- The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) should formally endorse open standards to give developing countries access to space.
Workshop on Telemedicine
- Medical education, as well as diagnosis and treatment, is a key aspect of telemedicine. In fact telemedicine always has a tele-education factor.
- Question of jurisdiction and liability of specialists not registered in the country in which they have given a remote diagnosis, is yet to be resolved.
- Patient, not doctor must retain control over access and use in electronic patient records, recorded on smart cards containing the whole medical history of the patient.
Space Debris
- United Nations should continue its work on space debris.
- Debris minimization measures should be applied uniformly and consistently by the entire international space faring community.
- Studies be continued on future possible solutions to reduce the population of on-orbit debris.
Geospatial Data Access
- Global spatial data infrastructure backed by international standards, guidelines and policies to support global economic growth and its social and environmental objectives.
- Adoption of common standards and protocols in the testing of technology for disaster management.
- Cooperation and sharing of infrastructure between agencies in relation to problems such as poverty, disasters, desertification and deforestation.
Blue Planet, Green Planet
- The establishment of one or several homogenous databases of the Earth's surface data over the next 20 years to understand how the land cover has changed and how it will change based on indisputable information;
- The use of these databases for weather and climate forecasting;
- The introduction of a methodology using these databases together with historical data to identify critical areas of change.
GPS Technology
- International cooperation both at the political and technical levels is needed for the successful implementation of satellite navigation and positioning technology;
- It is the intention, particularly of the world civil aviation community, to achieve full compatibility and inter-operation ability of regional satellite navigation systems throughout the implementation process;
- A public-private partnership approach is the way forward for the development of service and infrastructure;
- To increase the awareness of GNSS benefits to developing nations, the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) should consider the expansion of the UN Space Applications Program to include support for relevant training in conjunction with other international institutions;
- Public and private sector frequency spectrum experts within the GNSS community should urge their governments to adopt a common approach to spectrum issues, bearing in mind that Satellite Navigation services require protected frequency bands.
Near Earth Asteroids
- There are innumerable advantages of using small observatories for the confirmation of NEOs;
- Good public communication and international coordination are needed to take advantage of world-wide observation efforts;
- Information plays a major role in evaluating both the risks and the consequences of impacts and enables the selection of the most appropriate reaction means;
- Spacecraft need to visit asteroids as the resolution of earthbound telescopes is not sufficient to find out the essential information they hold about the history of the Solar System;
- The research of NEOs should be regarded as a service for Humankind.
MicroSat at Developing Nations
It is easier and cheaper for countries to combine resources than work in isolation;
Therefore, countries should consider ways of international cooperation in preparing their space plans;
In designing constellations of small satellites it is important to take into account the individual circumstances of countries;
Small satellite design offers a valuable means for learning all the techniques associated with developing, manufacturing, testing and operating a spacecraft.
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