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ENERGY TECH
More oil added to Brazil's reserves
by Staff Writers
Rio De Janeiro (UPI) Jul 13, 2010


Iraq oil revenues 95 percent of state income: minister
Baghdad (AFP) July 13, 2010 - Revenues from oil sales account for 95 percent of Iraq's income, Oil Minister Hussein al-Shahristani said on Tuesday, underlining the war-battered nation's reliance on crude to rebuild its economy. Shahristani said Iraq raised 171 billion dollars from sales between 2006-2009, which accounted for all but five percent of the government's income during those years. "Oil accounted for 95 percent of government revenue," he told reporters in Baghdad, following estimates of about 85 percent.

Shahristani said 30 billion dollars was raised from oil in 2006, 40 billion dollars in 2007, 60 billion dollars in 2008, and 41 billion dollars in 2009. The decline in revenues in 2009 was likely attributed to a fall in global crude prices in the second half of the year. Iraq produces about 2.5 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude, of which it exports 1.85 million, according to Shahristani. Last year, Iraq held two auctions of its oil fields for development, the first time foreign energy firms have had the opportunity to plant a foot firmly in the country since its energy sector was nationalised in 1972.

Some 10 deals were agreed at the auctions, and one more signed since will, if fully realised, ramp up Iraq's oil output five-fold to 12 million bpd, putting it on a par with the world's top producer Saudi Arabia. At 115 billion barrels, Iraq has the world's third-largest proven oil reserves, behind only Saudi Arabia and Iran. However, there has been little exploration or development of fields in the past three decades because of wars and a UN embargo imposed on Iraq in 1990 following now executed dictator Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.

First tests at Brazil's offshore Franco field added another 50,000 barrels a day of crude oil to the Latin American country's reserves amid a mixture of celebration and caution in the aftermath of the Gulf of Mexico environmental disaster.

Brazil, like Canada and other countries with major newly discovered hydrocarbon reserves, has reacted to BP's Deepwater Horizon woes with measures designed both to forestall a similar debacle and to manage global media if a similar incident happens.

Most of Brazil's newly discovered oil is deep under the seabed and tens of miles from the mainland. As Brazil's proven oil reserves rose with new discoveries, the government launched a series of military refurbishment plans but not, apparently, any immediate countermeasures against a media fallout and financial costs of an accident.

The Deepwater Horizon disaster changed that perspective, however, as it did elsewhere that new underwater discoveries became public in 2009 and this year.

Analysts said the Deepwater Horizon disaster would continue to be, at best, a cautionary tale for offshore oil prospectors and, at worst, a disincentive for further investment in deep-water drilling for hydrocarbons.

Concerns over a Gulf of Mexico-style mishap occurring in the North Falkland basin, the South Atlantic scene of current drilling for hydrocarbons in the British overseas territory, put off some investors. But the lure of profits from huge oil reserves has proved overpowering, despite risks of a fresh conflict with Argentina over the Falklands.

The Deepwater Horizon tragedy would continue to overshadow all offshore oil drilling for the foreseeable future, analysts said.

The latest Brazilian drilling results followed work on the Franco sub-salt field, which is said to hold 4.5 billion barrels equivalent of recoverable oil. Brazil's National Oil Regulatory Agency said first results showed the state-owned 2-ANP-1-RJS well has light oil measuring about 30 degrees API.

Estimates of the 4.5 billion barrels equivalent reserves were further verified by Gaffney Cline & Associates, who conducted assessment studies in both Franco and Libra areas under the subsalt layer of Brazil's Santos basin.

The Santos Basin is a 136,010-square-mile offshore region in the southern Atlantic Ocean about 190 miles southeast of Sao Paulo. The basin is the site of several significant oil fields, including Tupi and Jupiter, discovered in 2007 and 2008. Tupi was the largest oil discovery in the Americas since Mexico found Cantarell in 1976.

Analysts said ANP would likely use state ownership of Franco to swap drilling production rights with shares in the state-managed Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Since the large discoveries, Petrobras has embarked on ambitious plans to invest tens of billions of dollars into developing Brazil's oil production and export potential.

Under new rules approved by Petrobras board, smaller investors will be able to use Treasury bonds as payment for new shares in a planned $25 billion offering, part of the company's financing program.

Current plans calls for a total $224 billion investment in the oil industry expansion program through 2014.

The government, which owns 56 percent of the voting stock in Petrobras, plans to buy shares with bonds. As part of the transaction, Petrobras will then sell the bonds back to the government in exchange for as much as 5 billion barrels of deep-water oil reserves.

Meanwhile, Petrobras signed up Hill & Knowlton public relations agency to deal with the media in preparation for the launch of its deep-water sub-salt drilling.

Although Petrobras sources said the hiring was part of a global marketing plan hatched before the Gulf of Mexico disaster, analysts said the scale of Brazil's planned deep-water drilling necessitated media management on a wider scale than originally thought.

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