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As G8, NATO gather, a thought: what would Romney do
by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) May 20, 2012


NATO: The world's biggest defense alliance
Chicago (AFP) May 20, 2012 - Founded in the early days of the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has grown into a collective defense group of 28 nations from North America and Europe.

The United States, Canada and 10 European allies signed a treaty in Washington on April 4, 1949, creating an enduring military alliance based on solidarity against threats from the Soviet Union.

The first European nations to team up with North America were Britain, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands and Portugal.

Turkey and Greece joined in 1952 while Germany and Spain joined in subsequent years before the alliance opened its doors to former Soviet satellites following the fall of the Iron Curtain.

Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic become the first former communist bloc nations to join NATO in 1999 before a second wave on March 2004 brought Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Romania.

The last two nations to join NATO were Albania and Croatia in 2009.

The United States is by far the biggest contributor to the alliance, representing 75 percent of defense spending, compared to 50 percent a decade ago.

The alliance's central tenet is Article 5, which states that an attack on one NATO nation represents an attack on all.

This principle was invoked only once in NATO's history, on September 12, 2001, the day after Al-Qaeda's suicide airplane attack on the United States.

NATO was first headquartered in London and then Paris before moving to Brussels in 1966. Its military command center, known by its acronym SHAPE, is in Mons, Belgium

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, a former Danish prime minister, has held the post of secretary general, the alliance's top civilian official, since August 2009.

As world leaders meet this weekend for back-to-back summits hosted by President Barack Obama six months ahead of US elections, they would be forgiven for asking themselves a maladroit question: what would Mitt Romney do?

Obama is locked in a tightening reelection battle against a presumptive Republican nominee who has already raised hackles in G8 and NATO member states for his positions on Afghanistan, China and Iran and for calling Russia the United States' "number one geopolitical foe."

With the struggling US economy front and center for voters, and Romney picking away at Obama's inability to generate a more vibrant recovery, foreign policy has been pushed to the back burner at Romney's campaign appearances.

But that hasn't stopped him from accusing the president of coddling Russia, or being soft on China and Iran, or Obama from painting Romney as a foreign policy lightweight naive to the complexities of a world beyond the Cold War.

As Obama basked in the global spotlight of the G8 gathering at the presidential retreat in Camp David and prepares to host NATO's 28 member states Sunday and Monday in Chicago to discuss war politics, Romney has laid low, with no public events Saturday and fundraisers Sunday and Monday.

But he hasn't been silent. The White House challenger issued no less than four statements on foreign policy in under 36 hours, including one Saturday praising the G8 for seeking to boost oil supply as a way to "strengthen our hand in confronting Iran" and criticizing Obama for taking "precisely the opposite approach."

He also blasted Obama Friday for failing to sufficiently pressure the Castro regime in communist-ruled Cuba, saying if he were president "the regime will feel the full weight of American resolve."

It is hard to know what European leaders may be thinking about a possible Romney presidency, although it is unlikely to be effusive, given the Republican Party flagbearer's propensity to bash Europe on the campaign trail.

In January he warned of Obama's plan to turn America "into a European-style entitlement society," even as the continent has pursued a plan of austerity -- Romney's remedy for excessive US government spending -- to bring fiscal balance to a teetering eurozone.

He's toned it down since, only to see France offer a belt-tightening backlash by electing President Francois Hollande of the Socialist party who urges an easing of austerity measures.

And Hollande insisted to Obama before meeting with G8 leaders Saturday that his vow to pull French combat troops out of Afghanistan this year -- ahead of NATO's 2014 deadline -- was not negotiable.

Romney's view? In a statement on NATO before the 28 member states gather in Chicago, and just after Hollande took office, Romney said NATO members must "carry their own weight," and that Obama's policies on missile defense and military cuts have only served to "undermine the alliance."

European diplomats have said they expect Romney would reveal himself as a pragmatist should he win the White House.

"The core of the transatlantic partnership will not change under a President Romney," a German diplomat told AFP recently.

"The harsh rhetoric on Europe is motivated by the (US presidential) primary campaign."

Romney has packed his team with several former officials in president George W. Bush's administration, including Paula Dobriansky, a Bush undersecretary of state now at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government who opposes what she calls a "politically driven timetable" for withdrawal in Afghanistan.

He also brought in Nile Gardiner, who heads a Romney working group on Europe and may have sat seething as G8 leaders in their joint communique Saturday stressed "the importance of a strong and cohesive eurozone."

"The United States has nothing to gain by propping up the euro, which is increasingly likely to break apart," Gardiner, a senior expert at the Heritage Foundation, wrote in a paper for the conservative think tank.

"Washington should play no role in keeping it on life support."

Romney also has hawkish backers like Bush UN envoy John Bolton, who wrote in the USA Today in January that US forces may need to consider "pre-emptive military action to break Iran's (nuclear) program."

Political professor G. Terry Madonna of Franklin and Marshall College said Obama currently held the foreign policy advantage among US voters, a view upheld by recent polls.

"Americans," he told AFP, "want firmness but not saber rattling."

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