Tracking Europe's Visitor To Venus

INNER PLANETS

Credits: Euronews

Electrical Testing For Venus Express Successful
Darmstadt, Germany (ESA) Sep 13 - With under 50 days to launch Venus Express has passed another milestone with the successful completion of the System Verification Test 2 (2 September 2005) which marks the end of main electrical functional testing.

To arrive at this milestone the team worked well together in order to clear the last hurdles including final electrical wiring activities.

In order to accommodate the full complement of tests planned to be run by the Flight Control Team in ESOC, the test has been conducted in double shift. The daily process was as follows:

Baikonur Time Activity:

08:15 - 09:00 - Switch on spacecraft and initial configuration

09:00 - 21:00 - Commanding of the Spacecraft from the MOC team in ESOC:

21:00 - 22:00 - Local team reconfigure spacecraft and switch off

*Note Baikonur Time = UTC + 6 hours

The first day of the SVT2 was a full simulation of the LEOP (Low Earth Orbit Phase) scenario - an important step in validating the readiness of both the MOC and the spacecraft for launch.

This was followed by a simulated separation of the spacecraft from the launcher, which automatically starts an on-board sequence bringing the spacecraft to life by, among other things, priming the propulsion system and deploying the Solar Array Wings.

At the end of this on-board sequence ESOC took control of the Spacecraft and performed a sequence of manoeuvres required to safely get the Spacecraft on its way to Venus.

Subsequent testing saw the direct command of individual on-board units, including for example the avionics subsystem, the communications subsystem, as well as all payloads.

In this way the Flight Control Team has been able to validate the capability of the Mission Operations Centre to command the individual units of all subsystems, as well as the capability to receive and properly display all generated on-board telemetry data.

The spacecraft is now on the alignment measuring adaptor which allows a measurement of the final spacecraft optical positioning. At the same time the Solar Array installation crew have arrived and started their preparations for this activity. Everything is still moving forward on time.

Cebreros, Madrid (ESA) Sep 13, 2005
Communication with spacecraft travelling to other planets requires powerful deep space ground stations. This month the European Space Agency is adding one such facility to its ESA Tracking Station Network (ESTRACK).

Situated at Cebreros (Avila), 90 kilometres west of Madrid, it comes on line to accompany Europe's next planetary probe, Venus Express, which is being launched at the end of October towards Earth's nearest neighbour.

The Cebreros site hosted a former NASA station built during 1960-1962, and was primarily used in the sixties and seventies. But in the record time of less than two years, ESA has built its brand new Cebreros deep space ground station.

The Site Infrastructure Manager, Valeriano Claros, likes taking visitors to a nearby hilltop from which one gets the measure of this imposing and elegant white structure pointing skywards, niched in the parched countryside.

"When Spain proposed to provide a site for ESA's second deep space ground station, we decided to leave the region around Madrid for the countryside. Here there is no electrical interference from transmitters or factories. This requirement is paramount when one has to track and control spacecraft travelling hundreds of millions of kilometres away."

The Cebreros facility is a near-identical twin of ESA's New Norcia ground station near Perth. The Australian site, operational in November 2002, has since been regularly used by, for instance, the Mars Express, Smart-1 and Rosetta missions.

The civil engineering aspects of such facilities are impressive: the metre mobile dish antenna is 35 metres wide and with the supporting buildings represents some 620 tons. The foundations are 20 metres deep.

"Such a large antenna can send a very fine directional signal to a spacecraft, like a pencil beam, so the motorisation needs to be as precise as clockwork. The entire structure must be extremely stable to resist thermal constraints or the influence of the wind," explains Michel Dugast, one of the station engineers.

A cooling system is housed in the base of the structure to keep parts of the receivers � the so-called low-noise amplifiers � at a chilling -258 degrees Celsius. Nearby there is an electricity backup: no less than 750 batteries and two heavy-duty generators.

"Should there be a cut in the public service electricity supply, our station will not be affected. The batteries will automatically ensure a continuity of operations, enough time for the generators to start if the mains interruption is prolonged," says Antonio Lobato, maintenance and operations engineer.

These past few months, Lobato, Dugast, Claros and the industrial teams have been testing all the equipment, procedures and links with their colleagues at ESA's Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany, and the Venus Express Mission Control Centre there. Everything is now ready for the mission.

Venus Express is due to lift off from Ba�konour on 26 October. A Soyuz launcher will place it on a parking orbit around Earth and then the rocket's upper Fregat stage will send the probe on its 126-day journey towards Venus.

Just after launch, signals from the spacecraft will first be received by the New Norcia station, by one in Kourou in French Guiana, and then by the Cebreros facility. The Australian station will regularly support the Venus Radio Science experiment.

Throughout the entire cruise phase to Venus, and in particular starting in April 2006 when Venus Express is orbiting the planet, the Cebreros station will be the main station controlling the spacecraft and receiving its science data for about eight hours every day.

Valeriano Claros shares the excitement and expectations of the scientific community. "Venus Express marks a renewed interest in this planet, so close to Earth and similar in size, but today so inhospitable, and still very mysterious."

"For instance, we may understand why this planet has such a huge greenhouse effect with surface temperatures some 470 degrees Celsius, or why the planet rotates in the opposite direction to Earth and so slowly, taking 243 Earth days to complete one revolution."

Venus was the first planet to which a probe was sent, back in 1962. Up until the early nineties and NASA's Magellan radar reconnaissance orbiter, some 20 different spacecraft have gone there, several even landing and sending back pictures of its surface before they melted under the heat.

Venus Express will be making the first global examination of the atmosphere of Venus. It will analyse its thick, sulphuric acid laden clouds, and search the surface below for signs of active volcanoes.

The scientific teams of the seven very precise instruments and multi-wavelength cameras on board expect to collect infinitely more science data than all previous missions combined - with the exception of Magellan � more than 500 megabits of data received every day.

The faint signals carrying all this information will be travelling back to the 'big ears' of the Cebreros station which will be monitoring Venus Express for 500 days, double this if the mission is prolonged.

INNER PLANETS

Curtain Set To Rise On Mission To The Morning Star

Cambridge, England (AFP) Sep 07, 2005
Scientists are putting the finishing touches to a landmark European mission to explore Venus, a planet whose scorching climate could help understand global warming on Earth.

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