Subscribe free to our newsletters via your
. 24/7 Space News .




EXO WORLDS
'This Planet Tastes Funny,' According To Spitzer
by Staff Writers
Pasadena CA (SPX) Apr 22, 2010


An unusual, methane-free world is partially eclipsed by its star in this artist's concept. Coutesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope has discovered something odd about a distant planet - it lacks methane, an ingredient common to many of the planets in our solar system.

"It's a big puzzle," said Kevin Stevenson, a planetary sciences graduate student at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, lead author of a study appearing tomorrow, April 22 in the journal Nature. "Models tell us that the carbon in this planet should be in the form of methane. Theorists are going to be quite busy trying to figure this one out."

The discovery brings astronomers one step closer to probing the atmospheres of distant planets the size of Earth. The methane-free planet, called GJ 436b, is about the size of Neptune, making it the smallest distant planet that any telescope has successfully "tasted," or analyzed.

Eventually, a larger space telescope could use the same kind of technique to search smaller, Earth-like worlds for methane and other chemical signs of life, such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

"Ultimately, we want to find biosignatures on a small, rocky world. Oxygen, especially with even a little methane, would tell us that we humans might not be alone," said Stevenson.

"In this case, we expected to find methane not because of the presence of life, but because of the planet's chemistry. This type of planet should have cooked up methane. It's like dipping bread into beaten eggs, frying it, and getting oatmeal in the end," said Joseph Harrington of the University of Central Florida, the principal investigator of the research.

Methane is present on our life-bearing planet, manufactured primarily by microbes living in cows and soaking in waterlogged rice fields. All of the giant planets in our solar system have methane too, despite their lack of cows. Neptune is blue because of this chemical, which absorbs red light. Methane is a common ingredient of relatively cool bodies, including "failed" stars, which are called brown dwarfs.

In fact, any world with the common atmospheric mix of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, and a temperature up to 1,000 Kelvin (1,340 degrees Fahrenheit) is expected to have a large amount of methane and a small amount of carbon monoxide. The carbon should "prefer" to be in the form of methane at these temperatures.

At 800 Kelvin (or 980 degrees Fahrenheit), GJ 436b is supposed to have abundant methane and little carbon monoxide. Spitzer observations have shown the opposite. The space telescope has captured the planet's light in six infrared wavelengths, showing evidence for carbon monoxide but not methane.

"We're scratching our heads," said Harrington. "But what this does tell us is that there is room for improvement in our models. Now we have actual data on faraway planets that will teach us what's really going on in their atmospheres."

GJ 436b is located 33 light-years away in the constellation Leo, the Lion. It rides in a tight, 2.64-day orbit around its small star, an "M-dwarf" much cooler than our sun. The planet transits, or crosses in front of, its star as viewed from Earth.

Spitzer was able to detect the faint glow of GJ 436b by watching it slip behind its star, an event called a secondary eclipse. As the planet disappears, the total light observed from the star system drops - this drop is then measured to find the brightness of the planet at various wavelengths.

The technique, first pioneered by Spitzer in 2005, has since been used to measure atmospheric components of several Jupiter-sized exoplanets, the so-called "hot Jupiters," and now the Neptune-sized GJ 436b.

"The Spitzer technique is being pushed to smaller, cooler planets more like our Earth than the previously studied hot Jupiters," said Charles Beichman, director of NASA's Exoplanet Science Institute at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology, both in Pasadena, Calif.

"In coming years, we can expect that a space telescope could characterize the atmosphere of a rocky planet a few times the size of the Earth. Such a planet might show signposts of life."

This research was performed before Spitzer ran out of its liquid coolant in May 2009, officially beginning its "warm" mission.

Other authors include: Sarah Nymeyer, William C. Bowman, Ryan A. Hardy and Nate B. Lust from the University of Central Florida; Nikku Madhusudhan and Sara Seager of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Drake Deming of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; and Emily Rauscher of Columbia University, New York.

.


Related Links
Spitzer
Lands Beyond Beyond - extra solar planets - news and science
Life Beyond Earth






Comment on this article via your Facebook, Yahoo, AOL, Hotmail login.

Share this article via these popular social media networks
del.icio.usdel.icio.us DiggDigg RedditReddit GoogleGoogle








EXO WORLDS
Planet discovered lacking methane
Orlando, Fla. (UPI) Apr 21, 2010
The U.S. space agency says data from its Spitzer Space Telescope revealed a distant planet that lacks methane in its atmosphere. "It's a big puzzle," said Kevin Stevenson, a planetary sciences graduate student at the University of Central Florida, lead author of a study focusing on the planet. "Models tell us the carbon in this planet should be in the form of methane. Theorists are goin ... read more


EXO WORLDS
Seed Bank For The Moon

Craters Around Lunar Poles Could Be Electrified

NASA Announces Winners Of 17th Annual Great Moonbuggy Race

Autarky In Space

EXO WORLDS
Clues About Mars Evolution Revealed

Obama sets new course to conquer the final frontier

Spirit Awaits Winter At Troy

Picking Up Pace To Endeavour Crater

EXO WORLDS
Japanese spacecraft to land in Australian outback

Apollo 13 - NASA's Successful Failure

NASA Selects Community College Scholars For Chance To Design Space Rovers

NASA Sets Payload Record During Parachute Tests

EXO WORLDS
China To Launch Second Lunar Probe This Year

China, Bolivia to build communications satellite

China To Complete Wenchang Space Center By 2015

China To Conduct Maiden Space Docking In 2011

EXO WORLDS
Japan astronaut solves bubble puzzle

Celebrating The ISS And Preparing For The Future

Faulty ISS cooling system could force new space walk: NASA

US astronauts end mission's last space walk

EXO WORLDS
Russia Confirms Plans Of Rocket Launch From French Guiana In 2010

Task Force To Conduct Quality Audit On Ariance Launch Campaign Process

SES-1 Satellite Arrived At Baikonour Launch Base

Ariane 5's Launch With ASTRA 3B and COMSATBw-2 Set For April 9

EXO WORLDS
Planet discovered lacking methane

'This Planet Tastes Funny,' According To Spitzer

Small, Ground-Based Telescope Images Three Exoplanets

Wet Rocky Planets A Dime A Dozen In The Milky Way

EXO WORLDS
Materials Research Advances Reliability Of Faster Smart Sensors

Online conferencing takes off as volcano grounds planes

IBM raises earnings outlook as technology spending improves

NGC Completes System Development Of B-2 Radar Modernization Program




The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2014 - Space Media Network. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement