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EARLY EARTH
Scientists show how ancient arachnid walked and hunted
by Brooks Hays
Manchester, England (UPI) Jul 9, 2013


Paleontologists unearth fossils of tapir and world's smallest hedgehog
Smithers, British Columbia (UPI) Jul 9, 2013 - Scientists say their picture of ancient Canada during the Eocene epoch, lasting from 56 to 33.9 million years ago, is rather incomplete thanks to a scattered, elusive fossil record.

But thanks to an expedition by archaeologists in British Columbia, the fossil record has gotten a little bigger in the last few years.

A few tiny bones offer new insight into the mini mammals that once roamed Canada's dense rainforest. Paleontologists unearthed bones from a thumb-sized hedgehog, likely the world's smallest, as well as the jaw of a tapir, a hog-like mammal roughly the size of a spaniel.

"These new mammals fill out our picture of this environment," said David Greenwood, one of the authors of the new study detailing the recent fossil discovery. The study was published this week in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

"This is part of our story. For this time period, the Eocene, we know very, very little about mammals across Canada," added Greenwood, a paleontologist at Brandon University in Manitoba.

The two fossils were found at what used to be the bottom of a lake, which suggests they were dropped there by predators. The hedgehog likely spent his final moments of consciousness clasped in the talons of an owl.

While the mini hedgehog has been confirmed as an entirely new species -- donned with the scientific name Silvacola acares, which means "tiny forest dweller" -- the tapir's remains were less conclusive as to whether the specimen warrants separate categorization.

Either way, paleontologists are excited about the bounty that remains to be unearthed in Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park.

"I think there's a lot more in this neck of the woods that just hasn't been looked at yet," explained lead author Jaelyn Eberle, curator of fossil vertebrates the the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History.

Scientists in United Kingdom have brought an ancient arachnid back from the dead -- virtually, that is.

The remains of a 410-million-year-old arachnid were so well preserved in a thin slice of rock -- unearthed in Scotland, near the Aberdeenshire town of Rhynie -- researchers from the University of Manchester in England were able to observe the creature's legs and joints in remarkable detail.

The researchers compared their observations to modern spiders to better understand how the ancient arachnid -- one of the first predatory creatures to emerge from the sea and take to land -- might have moved.

Next, the paleontologists uploaded their findings onto an open-source computer graphics program called Blender. Using the program they were able to create a virtual model and video demonstrating how the predator may have walked and hunted.

"For me, what's really exciting here is that scientists themselves can make these animations now, without needing the technical wizardry -- and immense costs -- of a Jurassic Park-style film," said Jason Dunlop, a curator at the Berlin's Museum für Naturkunde. "When I started working on fossil arachnids we were happy if we could manage a sketch of what they used to look like; now we can view them running across our computer screens."

The scientists say these trigonotarbid specimens were only a few millimeters long, but could easily run and hop atop helpless flightless insects.

"When it comes to early life on land, long before our ancestors came out of the sea, these early arachnids were top dog of the food chain," added Russell Garwood, a palaeontologist in the University of Manchester.

Garwood and Dunlop's work is detailed in the latest issue of the Journal of Paleontology -- part of a group of papers on three-dimensional visualizations of fossils.

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