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IRON AND ICE
Probe is headed for duck-shaped comet, images show
by Staff Writers
Paris (AFP) July 17, 2014


Twin comets discovered by ESA space probe Rosetta
Paris (UPI) Jul 17, 2013 - The European Space Agency's Rosetta probe has been gearing up to attempt a comet landing. Recently, the craft discovered something surprising about its intended target, Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

The comet is actually two comets in one -- conjoined twins, or more technically, a "contact binary." As seen in the images captured by Rosetta, Churyumov-Gerasimenko's newly discovered sidekick is slightly smaller and looks as if it was just smashed into the side of the larger mass, like two pieces of clay. Together they measure about 2.5 miles around.

And though it looks and sounds pretty exciting, it's going to make landing a spacecraft on the comet quite a bit more difficult. After entering orbit around the comet next month, Rosetta will release a landing device called Philae onto the comet's surface in November.

"This form restricts potential landing zones," explained Philae navigator Eric Jurado.

France's National Centre for Space Studies apparently jumped the gun in unveiling images of the comet yesterday, along with a press release. They were quickly removed, but not before they made their rounds on the Internet. ESA released a statement saying more images will be released late Thursday. The agency explained the need to at least momentarily withhold information collected via its various missions.

"The aim of a proprietary period is to ensure that the academic teams who spent decades developing and running the sophisticated scientific instruments on-board the spacecraft are able to calibrate and verify the data," explained ESA officials, "as well as reap the rewards of their efforts."

New images reveal that the deep-space comet on which mankind plans to land a probe later this year, has an "extraordinarily irregular", duck-like shape, the European Space Agency (ESA) said Thursday.

The icy body dubbed Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is composed of two parts: one flat and long, the other bulbous, according to a blog on the ESA website.

A photo of the comet was taken from the agency's Rosetta spacecraft, designed to team up with "67P" in August and follow the ice ball on its journey around the Sun.

"This week's images of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko reveal an extraordinarily irregular shape," said the agency, adding: "This is no ordinary comet."

Some have likened the shape to a duck, it said, "with a distinct body and head."

Rosetta mission manger Fred Jansen said much more analysis and modelling will have to be done to determine how best to fly around the weirdly-shaped rock, and how to place a lander on it.

"We currently see images that suggest a rather complex cometary shape, but there is still a lot that we need to learn before jumping to conclusions," he said.

Rosetta took a highly pixellated image of the rock from a distance of 12,000 kilometres (7,500 miles) on July 14, which was then processed for a smoother image.

It also released a movie composed of a sequence of 36 interpolated images separated by 20 minutes.

Dual objects like this, known as "contact binaries", are not uncommon yet it was not clear how they are formed, ESA said.

"The scientific rewards of studying such a comet would be high, as a number of possibilities exist as to how they form."

One theory is two comets melded together in a low-velocity collision during the Solar System's formation billions of years ago, another that a single comet was tugged into a strange shape by the strong gravitational pull of a large object like a planet or the Sun.

A third theory is that "67P" may have once been round but became asymmetric due to ice evaporation as it first entered the Solar System from deep, cold outer Space, or on subsequent orbits around the Sun.

"One could also speculate that the striking dichotomy of the comet's morphology is the result of a near catastrophic impact event that ripped out one side of the comet," said the blog.

"Similarly, it is not unreasonable to think that a large outburst event may have weakened one side of the comet so much that it simply gave away, crumbling into space."

In November, Rosetta will send down a 100-kilogramme (220-pound) refrigerator-sized lander, Philae, which will hook itself to the comet's surface and carry out scientific experiments.

The blog with images can be viewed at: http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/07/17/the-dual-personality-of-comet-67pc-g/

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IRON AND ICE
Burning down to Rosetta comet rendezvous
Paris (ESA) Jul 09, 2014
It's burn week in space again, and Wednesday, 2 July, marks the start of a fresh set of four orbit correction manoeuvres (OCMs), referred to as the "Far Approach Trajectory" burns. These will be somewhat smaller than those previous but will be conducted weekly, rather than fortnightly. First, a quick recap to bring you up to date. On 7 May, Rosetta began a series of ten OCMs designed to re ... read more


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