Nomad will perform autonomous searches and classification of rock samples at Elephant Moraine in an effort to discover meteorites. Its search will include driving, looking, choosing and testing to select meteorite candidates it encounters in the area.

The robot will use high- resolution imagery and spectroscopy to gather scientific data about the rocks it finds. Its arm will enable precise placement of the scientific instruments on the rocks it chooses to study.

The ANSMET member of the field team will serve as a guide to the region and collect any meteorites that Nomad successfully locates. The expedition will last about three weeks, depending on the weather.

Elephant Moraine looks like a small elephant with a very long trunk. It's considered to be one of the more important sites for meteorite discovery, with nearly 2,000 specimens recovered during seven previous visits, including the first meteorite identified as definitely being from Mars. This year's expedition takes place near the end of the "elephant's trunk," which was last searched in 1979.

Nomad has been programmed with navigation strategies for driving. It will move in patterns similar to those people use when they're operating a lawn mower. As it moves, machine vision will enable it to search for rocks distinguished by their dark color against the white ice background.

Pittsburgh - January 17, 2000
The robot's high-resolution camera can zoom in on a rock, determining size and color as evidence that it's a meteorite. As Nomad explores an area, it must choose which rocks to examine and in what order. It will have to decide whether it should drive, use its arm or employ both capabilities to reach its goal.

"The compelling element of this expedition is the prospect of meteorite discovery by a robot," Apostolopoulos said. "Nomad will demonstrate for the first time the ability of a science robot to autonomously search for and distinguish meteorites from terrestrial rocks.

"Robotic technologies demonstrated by this project could set a new precedent on the state of the art in space robotics and impact how missions to the planets are designed and carried out," added Apostolopoulos.

As the expedition in Antarctica unfolds, the public will be able to follow the action on the Web. Southwestern Pennsylvania K-12 science students and teachers will follow Nomad's adventures in real time through Carnegie Mellon's interactive Web site known as the Big Signal Project.

This is Nomad's third trip to a locale on Earth analogous to an extraterrestrial world. In the summer of 1997, it made an unprecedented 130-mile trek through the Atacama Desert in Chile while being teleoperated by researchers in Pittsburgh and at NASA's Ames Research Center. Last winter, it was taken to Patriot Hills in the Chilean section of Antarctica, where its navigation capabilities were tested under polar conditions.
Images by CMU, Reprocessed By SpaceDaily