Northrop Grumman, NASA Complete Testing Of Prototype Composite Cryogenic Tank

ROCKET SCIENCE

Northrop Grumman's work for NASA on the cryogenic fuel tanks (above) was done as part of a three-year series of Next Generation Launch Technology contract options that began in June 2001

Huntsville AL (SPX) Sep 16, 2004
Engineers from Northrop Grumman and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., have proven that a new type of cryogenic fuel tank made from composite materials has the structural integrity to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses associated with repeated fueling and simulated launch cycles.

The nine-month, 40-cycle series of tests, concluded Aug. 9, is part of Northrop Grumman's ongoing partnership with NASA to help mature space technologies required to develop safe, affordable and reusable space transportation systems. The test program began in November 2003.

"These tests prove that it's possible to build a lightweight fuel tank that's not only a safe, reliable container for liquid hydrogen," said Drew Smith, NASA's cryotanks project leader, "but also a durable, reusable component that can also help us reduce the costs associated with acquiring and operating a reusable launch vehicle."

Composite cryogenic fuel tanks also offer a 10 to 25 percent weight savings over conventional aluminum fuel tanks, he added, which could enable larger payloads in the future.

Liquid hydrogen is an essential but highly volatile fuel used in the combustion process that propels rockets. It must be stored and used at -423 degrees Fahrenheit, a temperature that causes most materials to become quite brittle. Liquid hydrogen also has an extremely fine molecular structure, which allows it to seep through the tiniest of holes.

The composite tank used for the tests was a 6-foot-diameter, 15-foot-long tank produced by Northrop Grumman as part of NASA's Next Generation Launch Technology program. The tank was fabricated and cryo-structurally tested at the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center.

"Each cycle in our test program consisted of filling the tank with liquid hydrogen, pressurizing to an internal pressure of 113 pounds per square inch, then subjecting it an axial load to simulate the stresses experienced by a rocket during launch," explained Tod Palm, Northrop Grumman's cryogenic tank project leader.

"Nine months and 40 cycles of testing and monitoring the composite test tank for leaks has given us the confidence that this type of cryogenic fuel tank can be safely and repeatedly launched, recovered and reused for next-generation space missions." An axial load is applied along the vertical axis of the launch vehicle.

Much of the team's success in the test program, added Palm, can be attributed to key technical advances made by Northrop Grumman and NASA in designing and constructing the composite tank. The tank is approximately one quarter of the projected size (27.5 feet in diameter x 80 feet long) of a fuel tank envisioned for some reusable launch vehicle concepts.

The composite tank technology demonstrated has potential applications not only as cryogenic fuel tanks for Earth-launched space vehicles, but also as on-orbit storage of cryogenic fuels such as liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen. This orbiting "fuel depot" would be used to fuel space vehicles traveling from low-Earth orbit to the moon, Mars or beyond.

Northrop Grumman's work for NASA on the cryogenic fuel tanks was done as part of a three-year series of Next Generation Launch Technology contract options that began in June 2001.

The contracts, collectively worth approximately $30 million, included work on permeation-resistant composite cryotanks, development and refinement of new manufacturing processes that will allow the company to build large composite tanks without an autoclave; and design and engineering development of conformal fuel tanks appropriate for use on a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.

ROCKET SCIENCE

Northrop Grumman, NASA Complete Testing Of Prototype Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tank

Huntsville, AL (SPX) Sep 08, 2004
Engineers from Northrop Grumman and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., have proven that a new type of cryogenic fuel tank made from composite materials has the structural integrity to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses associated with repeated fueling and simulated launch cycles.

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