This initial capability will build on the planned Pacific Missile Defense Testbed and serve as a starting point for fielding improved, layered missile defense capabilities later.

The Department of Defense is employing an evolutionary approach to the development and deployment of missile defenses over time.

This means there is no final or fixed missile defense architecture. Rather, the composition of missile defenses, including the number, type, and location of systems deployed, will change over time to meet the changing threat and take advantage of technological developments. This approach includes the use of prototype and test assets to provide early capability, while improving the effectiveness of defensive capabilities over time.

The initial set of capabilities planned for 2004-2005 include:

• Up to 20 ground-based interceptors capable of intercepting and destroying intercontinental ballistic missiles during the midcourse phase of flight located at Ft. Greely, Alaska (16 interceptors) and Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif. (4 interceptors);
• Up to 20 sea-based interceptors employed on existing Aegis ships to intercept ballistic missiles in the first few minutes after they are launched, during the boost and ascent phases of flight;
• Deployment of air-transportable Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) systems to intercept short and medium range ballistic missiles;
• Land, sea and space-based sensors, including existing early warning satellites, an upgraded radar now located at Shemya, Alaska, a new sea-based X-band radar, upgraded existing early warning radars in the United Kingdom and Greenland and use of radars and other sensors now on Aegis cruisers and destroyers.

These initial capabilities may be improved through additional measures:

• Additional ground-and-sea based interceptors and PAC-3 units;
• The Theater High Altitude Area Defense system to intercept short and medium range missiles at high altitude;
• Availability of the developmental Airborne Laser aircraft that will use directed energy to destroy a ballistic missile in the boost phase;
• A common family of boost-phase and midcourse interceptors for land and sea basing;
• Enhanced radars and other sensor capabilities; and
• Development and testing of space-based defenses, specifically space-based kinetic energy (hit to kill) interceptors and advanced target tracking satellites.

Because the threats of the 21st century also endanger our friends and allies around the world, it is essential that we work together to meet these threats. The Department of Defense plans to develop and deploy missile defenses capable of protecting not only the United States and our deployed forces, but also friends and allies.

The missile defense program will also be structured in a manner that encourages industrial cooperation by friends and allies, consistent with overall U.S. national security.

In conjunction with the Department of State, the Department of Defense will promote international missile defense cooperation, including within existing mutual defense structures like NATO, and negotiate appropriate arrangements for this purpose.

The deployment of missile defenses is an essential element of our overall national security policy to transform U.S. defense and deterrence capabilities to meet emerging and evolving threats.

The evolutionary approach to missile defense provides near-term capability to address the emerging ballistic missile threat and will evolve by the end of the decade into a multi-layered missile defense system capable of providing protection against the full range of limited ballistic missile attacks.

This approach is flexible enough to provide defense for the United States and its friends and allies and, by reducing an adversary's confidence in ballistic missiles, can help deter the use of missiles and dissuade countries from acquiring these capabilities at the outset.

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