The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation said it would offer $50 million in funding for research "to better understand how technology is transforming our democracy and the way we receive and engage with information."

The initiative is the latest in response to concerns about declining trust in traditional media and influence campaigns on social networks which may be sponsored by intelligence services.

The Knight Foundation will fund new, cross-disciplinary research at 11 American universities and research institutions, including the creation of five new centers of study.

"We're living the most profound change in how we communicate with each other since Gutenberg invented the printing press," said Alberto Ibarguen, Knight Foundation president.

"The internet has changed our lives and is changing our democracy. We have to take a step back and a step forward. To understand what is actually happening, we need independent research and insights based on data, not emotion and invective. To go forward, citizens must be engaged, and including university communities in the debate is a step in that direction."

Internet platforms have been credited with fueling democracy movements such as the Arab Spring, but have also been subject to manipulation in the 2016 US election and Brexit campaign.

In recent months, US President Donald Trump has stepped up his attacks on the mainstream media, and some surveys have shown many Americans have lost confidence in fact-checkers which aim to verify the claims of politicians and others.

The new research initiative is part of a $300 million commitment made by Knight Foundation in February to strengthen journalism and democracy, which has been joined by other foundations.

The grants will go to new projects including Carnegie Mellon University's Center for Informed Democracy and Social Cyber-Security; George Washington University's Institute for Data, Democracy, and Politics; New York University's Center for Social Media and Politics; University of North Carolina's Center for Information, Technology, and Public Life, and University of Washington's Center for an Informed Public.

Existing research centers getting funding include Indiana University, Stanford University, Yale University, the University of Texas, University of Wisconsin and the Data & Society Research Institute.