Four days after the shallow 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck, many people in Myanmar are still sleeping outdoors, either unable to return to ruined homes or afraid of further aftershocks.
Sirens rang out at 12:51:02 (0621 GMT) -- the precise time the quake struck on Friday -- bringing the country to a standstill to remember those lost.
Mandalay, the country's second-biggest city with 1.7 million inhabitants, suffered some of the worst destruction.
Outside the Sky Villa apartment complex, one of the city's worst-hit disaster sites, rescue workers stopped and lined up with hands clasped behind their backs to pay their respects.
Officials and attendants stood behind a cordon, watching relatives further back, as the sirens wailed and a Myanmar flag flew at half-mast from a bamboo pole tied to a rescue tent.
The moment of remembrance is part of a week of national mourning declared by the ruling junta, with flags to fly at half-mast on official buildings until April 6 "in sympathy for the loss of life and damages".
The junta said Monday that 2,056 people have been confirmed dead, with more than 3,900 injured and 270 missing. At least 20 people died in neighbouring Thailand.
But the toll is expected to rise significantly as rescuers reach towns and villages where communications have been cut off by the quake.
More than 1,000 foreign rescuers have flown in to help and Myanmar state media reported that nearly 650 people have been pulled alive from ruined buildings around the country.
The dead include around 500 Muslims killed while offering Friday prayers in mosques when the quake struck, the state-run newspaper Global New Light of Myanmar reported.
- Sleeping in the open -
Hundreds of Mandalay residents spent a fourth night sleeping in the open, with their homes destroyed or fearing aftershocks would cause more damage.
"I don't feel safe. There are six or seven-floor buildings beside my house leaning, and they can collapse anytime," Soe Tint, a watchmaker, told AFP after sleeping outside.
Some have tents but many -- including babies and children -- have been bedding down on blankets in the middle of roads, staying as far away as possible from damaged buildings.
Around the city apartment complexes have been flattened, a Buddhist religious complex eviscerated, and hotels crumpled and twisted into ruins.
At an examination hall, where part of the building collapsed on hundreds of monks taking an exam, book bags were piled on a table outside, the uncollected belongings of the victims.
Fire engines and heavy-lifting vehicles were parked outside and an Indian rescue team worked on the pancaked remains of the building.
The smell was "very high", one Indian officer said. The stench of bodies rotting in the heat was unmistakable at several disaster sites around the city.
On the outskirts of Mandalay, a crematorium has received hundreds of bodies for disposal, with many more to come as victims are dug out of the rubble.
- International aid effort -
Even before Friday's quake, Myanmar's 50 million people were suffering, the country ravaged by four years of civil war sparked when the army ousted Aung San Suu Kyi's civilian government in 2021.
The UN says at least 3.5 million people were displaced by the conflict before the quake, many of them at risk of hunger.
The junta says it is doing its best to respond to the disaster but there have been multiple reports in recent days of the military carrying out air strikes on armed groups opposed to its rule, even as the country reels from the quake's devastation.
United Nations special envoy to Myanmar Julie Bishop called Monday for all parties to cease hostilities and focus on protecting civilians and delivering aid.
In response to the quake, junta chief Min Aung Hlaing issued an exceptionally rare appeal for foreign assistance, breaking with the isolated ruling generals' customary practice of shunning help from abroad in the wake of major disasters.
International aid efforts since the quake have included an emergency appeal from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies for $100 million to help victims.
Hundreds of kilometres (miles) away, Bangkok city authorities said the death toll there had risen to 20, the vast majority killed when a 30-storey skyscraper under construction collapsed.
'Noble work' of Buddhist cremations after Myanmar quake
Mandalay, Myanmar (AFP) Mar 31, 2025 -
The baby was born in the aftermath of Myanmar's earthquake and given to the flames of Buddhist funeral rites two days later, too young to have been named.
The child's pregnant mother was knocked over by the force of the quake while working in a paddy field, said grandmother Khin Myo Swe, and gave birth the following day.
The baby was brought to a hospital in Mandalay to be incubated, but died on Monday.
"We are all living in hardship," wept Khin Myo Swe as an ambulance worker gently cradled the little body before a Buddha statue decorated with flowers, then took it away to be cremated.
Three days after a 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar the death toll has hit 2,056, with more still buried in the remnants of ruined buildings in the nation's second city.
Since the quake hit Friday, ambulances have been bringing the remains of the dead to the crematorium in the Kyar Ni Kan neighbourhood on the outskirts of Mandalay.
- 'What others cannot' -
Some 300 bodies have been delivered in total, more than 100 on Sunday alone, forcing them to work six hours beyond their usual closing time.
Some vehicles peel in with frenzied haste. A crew of men say they are bringing a 16-year-old female quake victim.
The bundle of cloth they deposit before the crematorium's sliding metal door is much shorter than a typical teenage girl and one man retches as they bundle back in the van.
They do not speak as they leave the crematorium lot -- eager to ferry her clothing home to bring her soul back to her family.
Nay Htet Lin, the head of another four-man crew who have brought in around 80 bodies since the quake, said: "On the first day of the earthquake, we helped injured people get to hospital.
"On the second day, we had to carry only dead bodies."
- Cleansing fire -
Cremation is a core tenet of the Buddhist faith, with adherents believing it frees the soul from the body and facilitates rebirth in a new life.
In some Asian cultures, those who deal with the dead are regarded as outcasts, on the margins of society.
But Nay Htet Lin told AFP it was "noble work".
"We are doing what other people cannot," he said. "We will have a good next life."
One 15-year veteran crematorium staffer had no regrets over his choice of workplace, even as he witnessed a parade of anguish.
"Everyone is coming here with their sad feelings, with their suffering," said the 43-year-old, asking for anonymity as he was not authorised to speak to the media.
"When they come here I also work for them."
- Food offering -
Much of the focus of rescue teams has been in urban Mandalay where apartment complexes have been flattened, a Buddhist religious complex eviscerated and hotels crumpled and twisted into ruins.
At some disaster sites the smell of rotting bodies is unmistakable.
Khin Myo Swe's short-lived grandchild was the 39th body delivered on Monday. She said the baby's mother had not yet been told of her child's death.
It costs less than $3 at free-market rates to cremate an adult in the diesel-fuelled facility, and half that for an infant.
"I had to lie to my daughter, telling her I left the baby in hospital," said Khin Myo Swe, 49.
"If I tell her now I'm worried the shock would kill her too.
"I will send food as an offering to the monastery for the baby's soul."
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