The announcement from the Norwegian government comes as neighbouring Russia is seeking to assert its power in the Arctic by modernising old bases and establishing new ones.

During a ministerial meeting in February, NATO countries agreed to establish the alliance's third European Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) in Norway, leaving Oslo to decide its exact location.

The choice was between Bodo, which is already home to the Norwegian Joint Headquarters, and Rygge in the southeast of the country.

"We want NATO to have a foothold in the North," Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Store told broadcaster TV2.

No date was announced for the opening of the new command centre, which will be tasked with coordinating air surveillance as well as planning and executing NATO military air operations in the region.

The military alliance already has two such command centres in Europe, one in Germany, the other in Spain.

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Berlin, Germany (SPX) May 22, 2025 - In a surprising twist to assumptions about life in Earth's harshest environments, scientists have discovered a rich and diverse community of microbes thriving in Antarctic glacier forefields, suggesting biodiversity in these soils has been vastly underestimated.

Led by Dr Dirk Wagner from the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and the University of Potsdam, the research uncovered thousands of bacterial and eukaryotic species in weathered soil debris in front of a retreating glacier in the Larsemann Hills. "Here we reveal unexpectedly abundant and diverse microbial community even in these driest, coldest, and nutrient-poorest of soils, which suggest that biodiversity estimates in Antarctic soils may be greatly underestimated," said Wagner.

The team gathered 26 soil samples at varying distances (up to 80 meters) and depths (up to 30 cm) from the glacier as part of the ANT-XXIII/9 expedition aboard the German vessel Polarstern. They used advanced DNA barcoding to assess the microbial diversity and distinguished between intracellular DNA (iDNA) from living organisms and extracellular DNA (eDNA) from the dead, revealing a broader picture of both current and historic biodiversity.

In total, researchers identified 2,829 distinct species, with bacteria outnumbering eukaryotes in species richness by a factor of over 10. They noted that each distance from the glacier hosted a distinct species composition, with surface layers showing the greatest iDNA diversity.

The study points to possible mutualistic relationships that may be key to microbial survival. For instance, cryophilic fungi near the glacier seem to initiate soil formation, enabling the colonization of other species. "We detected previously unrecognized associations between bacteria and eukaryotes, for example between certain green algae and bacteria, which may promote nutrient exchange," Wagner explained.

Using network analysis, the team found consistent co-occurrence patterns between microbial groups, including fungi and actinobacteria. "Our results indicate that microbial survival in extreme Antarctic habitats may be made possible by tightly linked consortia of species that optimize the utilization of resources," Wagner added.

The findings challenge current models of Antarctic biodiversity and hint at hidden mutualisms yet to be confirmed through experimental studies. "By focusing on both current and past lineages of microbes, our study shows how colonization and environmental alteration through ecological succession helped change the extreme habitat of Antarctica's Larsemann Hills, making them gradually more hospitable to the current considerable diversity of life," Wagner concluded.

Research Report:From single pioneers to complex pro-and eukaryotic microbial networks in soils along a glacier forefield chronosequence in continental Antarctica (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica)

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Tokyo, Japan (SPX) May 19, 2025 - Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have successfully applied a novel dating technique, known as All-Optical Atom Trap Trace Analysis, to 1-kilogram Antarctic ice samples, marking a significant advancement in paleoclimate research. The effort, led by Professors Zheng-Tian Lu and Wei Jiang, was conducted in collaboration with American glaciologists and represents a breakthrough in the accurate dating of ancient ice.

Antarctic and Greenland ice cores serve as critical archives of Earth's climatic history, often extending several kilometers beneath the surface. However, precisely dating the deepest layers, which can reveal significant climate transitions, has long been a challenge due to the scarcity of reliable isotopic markers. Krypton-81, a rare radioactive isotope, is particularly useful for this purpose, as it can date ice over a million years old. Yet, extracting and detecting the tiny quantities required-just a few hundred atoms per kilogram of ice-has proven exceptionally difficult.

The USTC team addressed this challenge by refining their all-optical single-atom detection method, first developed in 2021 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 023201 (2021)]. Recent advancements include a high-brightness, narrow-bandwidth vacuum-ultraviolet light source that efficiently produces metastable krypton atoms, coupled with improvements that reduce cross-contamination by two orders of magnitude. These innovations dramatically lower the required sample size to just 100 nanoliters of krypton gas, equivalent to roughly 1 kilogram of ice, and extend the dating range to 1.5 million years.

The team successfully tested this approach on two ice samples from Taylor Glacier in Antarctica, dating them to approximately 130,000 years. These results closely align with independently established ice stratigraphy, confirming the method's reliability and accuracy.

Looking ahead, the USTC researchers plan to expand their collaboration with international glaciologists to apply this method to basal ice from Greenland, Antarctica, and the Tibetan Plateau. Their work promises to enhance our understanding of ancient ice dynamics, potentially shedding light on the stability of the Greenland ice sheet and the development history of Tibetan glaciers.

Research Report:81Kr dating of 1 kg Antarctic ice

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST London, UK (SPX) May 20, 2025 - New research indicates that glaciers around the world will require centuries to recover, even if global temperatures are eventually reduced to pre-industrial levels. The study, led by scientists from the University of Bristol and the University of Innsbruck, presents the first global simulations of glacier change up to 2500 under "overshoot" scenarios, where temperatures exceed the 1.5C limit before cooling back down.

Published in Nature Climate Change, the study found that if global temperatures temporarily exceed 1.5C by up to 3C before stabilizing, glaciers could lose up to 16% more mass by 2200 compared to a scenario where the threshold is never crossed.

Dr Fabien Maussion, Associate Professor in Polar Environmental Change at the University of Bristol and a corresponding author of the study, highlighted the risks: "Current climate policies are putting the Earth on a path close to 3C. It's clear that such a world is far worse for glaciers than one where the 1.5C limit is held."

The study modeled a strong overshoot scenario where global temperatures rise to 3.0C around 2150, before dropping to 1.5C by 2300. It found that even if temperatures eventually fall, glaciers will lose significantly more mass, including an extra 11% by 2500, compounding the 35% loss already projected if the 1.5C limit is never exceeded.

Lead author Dr Lilian Schuster from the University of Innsbruck noted the long-term impact on smaller glaciers: "Our models show it would take many centuries, if not millennia, for the large polar glaciers to recover from a 3C overshoot. For smaller glaciers like those in the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Tropical Andes, recovery might be possible by 2500."

The study also warns that melting glaciers will significantly affect downstream water supplies. As glaciers recede, they enter a phase known as "trough water," where less meltwater reaches rivers, potentially impacting communities that rely on glacier-fed water during dry seasons.

The research was conducted as part of the EU-funded PROVIDE project, which focuses on the global impacts of climate overshoots.

Dr Maussion stressed the long-term implications: "Overshooting 1.5C, even temporarily, locks in glacier loss for centuries. Our study shows that much of this damage cannot simply be undone - even if temperatures later return to safer levels. The longer we delay emissions cuts, the more we burden future generations with irreversible change."

Research Report:Irreversible glacier change and trough water for centuries after overshooting 1.5C

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Norway (AFP) May 19, 2025 - With one foot braced on the helicopter's landing skid, a veterinarian lifted his air rifle, took aim and fired a tranquiliser dart at a polar bear.

The predator bolted but soon slumped into the snowdrifts, its broad frame motionless beneath the Arctic sky.

The dramatic pursuit formed part of a pioneering research mission in Norway's Svalbard archipelago, where scientists, for the first time, took fat tissue biopsies from polar bears to study the impact of pollutants on their health.

The expedition came at a time when the Arctic region was warming at four times the global average, putting mounting pressure on the iconic predators as their sea-ice habitat shrank.

"The idea is to show as accurately as possible how the bears live in the wild -- but in a lab," Laura Pirard, a Belgian toxicologist, told AFP.

"To do this, we take their (fatty) tissue, cut it in very thin slices and expose it to the stresses they face, in other words pollutants and stress hormones," said Pirard, who developed the method.

Moments after the bear collapsed, the chopper circled back and landed. Researchers spilled out, boots crunching on the snow.

One knelt by the bear's flank, cutting thin strips of fatty tissue. Another drew blood.

Each sample was sealed and labelled before the bear was fitted with a satellite collar.

Scientists said that while the study monitors all the bears, only females were tracked with GPS collars as their necks are smaller than their heads -- unlike males, who cannot keep a collar on for more than a few minutes.

- Arctic lab -

For the scientists aboard the Norwegian Polar Institute's research vessel Kronprins Haakon, these fleeting encounters were the culmination of months of planning and decades of Arctic fieldwork.

In a makeshift lab on the icebreaker, samples remained usable for several days, subjected to controlled doses of pollutants and hormones before being frozen for further analysis back on land.

Each tissue fragment gave Pirard and her colleagues insight into the health of an animal that spent much of its life on sea ice.

Analysis of the fat samples showed that the main pollutants present were per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) -- synthetic chemicals used in industry and consumer goods that linger in the environment for decades.

Despite years of exposure, Svalbard's polar bears showed no signs of emaciation or ill health, according to the team.

The local population has remained stable or even increased slightly, unlike parts of Canada, where the Western Hudson Bay group declined by 27 percent between 2016 and 2021, from 842 to 618 bears, according to a government aerial survey.

Other populations in the Canadian Arctic, including the Southern Beaufort Sea, have also shown long-term declines linked to reduced prey access and longer ice-free seasons.

Scientists estimate there are around 300 polar bears in the Svalbard archipelago and roughly 2,000 in the broader region stretching from the North Pole to the Barents Sea.

The team found no direct link between sea ice loss and higher concentrations of pollutants in Svalbard's bears. Instead, differences in pollutant levels came down to the bears' diet.

Two types of bears -- sedentary and pelagic -- feed on different prey, leading to different chemicals building up in their bodies.

- Changing diet -

With reduced sea ice, the bears' diets have already started shifting, researchers said. These behavioural adaptations appeared to help maintain the population's health.

"They still hunt seals but they also take reindeer (and) eggs. They even eat grass (seaweed), even though that has no energy for them," Jon Aars, the head of the Svalbard polar bear programme, told AFP.

"If they have very little sea ice, they necessarily need to be on land," he said, adding that they spend "much more time on land than they used to... 20 or 30 years ago".

This season alone, Aars and his team of marine toxicologists and spatial behaviour experts captured 53 bears, fitted 17 satellite collars, and tracked 10 mothers with cubs or yearlings.

"We had a good season," Aars said.

The team's innovations go beyond biopsies. Last year, they attached small "health log" cylinders to five females, recording their pulse and temperature.

Combined with GPS data, the devices offer a detailed record of how the bears roam, how they rest and what they endure.

Polar bears were once hunted freely across Svalbard but since an international protection agreement in 1976, the population here has slowly recovered.

The team's findings may help explain how the bears' world is changing, and at an alarming rate.

As the light faded and the icebreaker's engines hummed against the vast silence, the team packed away their tools, leaving the Arctic wilderness to its inhabitants.

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Berlin, Germany (SPX) May 14, 2025 - An international team of researchers from New Zealand's Antarctic Science Platform undertook a significant expedition to the Ross Ice Shelf in West Antarctica in late 2021. Their mission aimed to explore the dynamics of the Kamb Ice Stream, a vast glacier stretching 350 km long and 100 km wide, which feeds into the Ross Ice Shelf, a floating ice sheet roughly ten times the size of Switzerland.

The team established a temporary research station at this remote site, complete with an airstrip and tent accommodation for 26 people, taking advantage of the Antarctic summer's 24-hour daylight and relatively mild conditions of -10 C and light winds. Using a hot water drilling system, they bored a 500-meter-deep hole through the ice, revealing water and sedimentary rock beneath the ice sheet.

The borehole, with a 30 cm diameter, enabled the team to lower cameras and scientific instruments to observe the conditions at the base of the ice stream. "We struck water at the end of the borehole and, with the help of our camera, we even discovered a school of lobster-like creatures, 400 kilometers from the open ocean," said expedition leader Huw Horgan, who is currently conducting research at ETH Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL.

This discovery confirms long-held theories about subglacial water flow, where geothermal heat and other factors create hidden lakes beneath the Antarctic ice caps. These watercourses remain largely mysterious, but the borehole at the Kamb Ice Stream marks a critical step towards understanding how these systems function.

The team's measurements revealed that the subglacial water channel is approximately 100 by 200 meters in cross-section. However, contrary to previous models, the flow is relatively slow, with only a small amount - less than one cubic meter per second - of fresh water moving toward the sea. "This amount of water is much smaller than what the existing models had predicted," Horgan explained.

Additionally, their findings indicate that these subglacial watercourses do not flow continuously. Instead, they operate in cycles, likely fed by upstream subglacial lakes that periodically empty, sending significant floods toward the sea. Sediment analysis from beneath the ice stream suggests that these major flood events occur roughly every decade, with smaller, yet unmeasurable, events potentially happening in between.

Understanding these subglacial flows is crucial for predicting the future stability of the Antarctic ice sheets, which play a critical role in global sea level regulation. The Ross Ice Shelf and other such formations act as natural barriers, slowing the flow of glaciers into the ocean. Their stability is essential for mitigating the impacts of global warming and the resulting sea level rise.

Looking ahead, Horgan and his colleagues plan to return to the Antarctic during the 2025/2026 summer season to collect long-term data on these subglacial processes, focusing on how they respond to warmer climatic periods, a critical factor as the planet continues to warm.

Research Report:A West Antarctic grounding-zone environment shaped by episodic water flow

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST London UK (SPX) May 12, 2025 - A glacier in West Antarctica has been observed engaging in "ice piracy," siphoning ice from a neighboring glacier in a dramatic and previously undocumented process. This phenomenon, identified by University of Leeds researchers, has unfolded over less than 18 years, a surprisingly rapid timescale for such glacial behavior.

Until now, it was believed that such shifts in ice flow occurred over centuries or even millennia. However, high-resolution satellite imagery reveals that one glacier has been steadily redirecting ice from a slower-moving neighbor in the Pope, Smith, and Kohler (PSK) region of West Antarctica, profoundly altering the region's ice dynamics.

A study led by the University of Leeds found that seven ice streams in this area have significantly accelerated, with one stream nearly doubling its speed by 87% at the boundary where it meets the ocean between 2005 and 2022. Three other streams showed speed increases between 60% and 84% during the same period, with six of the streams averaging over 700 meters per year in 2022 - a rapid pace for Antarctic ice.

The research team noted that grounding lines, the critical points where glaciers transition from resting on the bedrock to floating, have been shifting. These lines serve as key indicators of glacial instability, reflecting how ice sheets respond to changing oceanic and atmospheric conditions.

Remarkably, while most glaciers in this region have accelerated, one ice stream, Kohler West, has slowed by 10% over the same period. In stark contrast, its neighbor, Kohler East, along with Smith West Glacier, experienced the fastest acceleration, moving about 560 meters per year faster in 2022 than in 2005.

Lead author Dr. Heather L. Selley, a PhD researcher in the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Leeds, explained: "We think that the observed slowdown on Kohler West Glacier is due to the redirection of ice flow towards its neighbour - Kohler East. This is due to the large change in Kohler West's surface slope, likely caused by the vastly different thinning rates on its neighboring glaciers."

Dr. Selley continued: "Because Kohler East's ice stream is flowing and thinning faster as it travels, it absorbs, or 'steals' ice from Kohler West. This is effectively an act of 'ice piracy', where ice flow is redirected from one glacier to another, and the accelerating glacier is essentially 'thieving' ice from its slowing neighbour."

The study utilized data from multiple satellite missions, including the European Space Agency's (ESA) CryoSat, along with contributions from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and the UK Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), based at Northumbria University.

Professor Anna Hogg, a study co-author and Professor of Earth Observation at Leeds, noted that the changes in flow direction have significantly altered the mass flux into nearby ice shelves, particularly the Dotson and Crosson shelves, potentially influencing their long-term stability.

Research Report:Speed-up, slowdown, and redirection of ice flow on neighbouring ice streams in the Pope, Smith and Kohler region of West Antarctica

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Kathmandu (AFP) May 12, 2025 - Dozens trekked to Nepal's Yala glacier for a ceremony Monday to mark its rapid disappearance due to climate change and put a spotlight on global glacial retreat.

The Yala glacier, located between 5,170 and 5,750 metres above sea level, is in the Langtang Valley in northern Nepal.

Since 1974, the glacier has shrunk in area by 66 percent and retreated 784 meters, according to the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD).

Scientists warn it may eventually disappear by the 2040s if the warming trend continues, and might be among the first in Nepal to join the growing numbers of glaciers declared "dead" worldwide.

"In the 40 years I have studies this glacier, I have seen it halve with my own eyes. We worry that the next generation might not be able to see it," Sharad Prasad Joshi, a cryosphere specialist at ICIMOD, told AFP.

Prayer flags fluttered Monday as Buddhist monks performed a ceremony for Yala, with the Himalayas towering behind them.

Two granite plaques were unveiled engraved with memorial messages in Nepali, English and Tibetan.

"This monument is to acknowledge that we know what is happening and what needs to be done. Only you know if we did it," part of the message in one of the plaques read.

The words were by Icelandic writer Andri Snaer Magnason, whose message is also at the site of the world's first glacier funeral in Iceland.

Glacier funerals have also been held in Mexico, the United States and Switzerland.

The ceremony comes as the world marked near-record high global temperatures in April, according to the EU's climate monitor.

In its latest bulletin, the Copernicus Climate Change Service said that April was the second-hottest in its dataset, which draws on billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft and weather stations.

All but one of the last 22 months exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the warming limit enshrined in the Paris agreement, beyond which major and lasting climate and environmental changes become more likely.

-'Time to act'-

Yala is one of seven glaciers in the 3,500 kilometre-long arc of the Hindu Kush Himalayas to have been monitored annually for a decade or more, according to ICIMOD.

Joshi said that the ceremony was also to honour the glacier as it has been an "open textbook" for young researchers and glaciologists.

Himalayan glaciers, providing critical water to nearly two billion people, are melting faster than ever before due to climate change, exposing communities to unpredictable and costly disasters.

Experts say that on current melt rates, many glaciers worldwide will not survive the 21st century.

Last month, the United Nations said that all 19 of the world's glacier regions experienced a net loss of mass in 2024 for the third consecutive year.

Together, they lost 450 billion tonnes of mass, the organization said, citing new data from the Swiss-based World Glacier Monitoring Service.

Maheshwar Dhakal, chief at the Nepal government's climate change management division, said in a statement shared by ICIMOD that Nepal is at the frontlines of the impacts of temperature rise despite minimal emissions.

"We are urging world leaders to pay attention to the changes in mountain glaciers, such as Yala, because our own fate, and futures, is bound up in those of our frozen freshwater reserves," Dhakal said.

"Glacier loss is irreversible on human timescales. The time to act is now."

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Churapcha, Russia (AFP) April 30, 2025 - In the vast white expanse around Churapcha in eastern Siberia, the ever more rapid thaw of the permafrost is changing the landscape, cracking up houses and releasing greenhouse gases.

A growing number of little mounds are appearing across the region of Yakutia in the Russian Far East.

Known as "bylars" in the Yakut language, the tiny hillocks are no more than a metre high and have an almost regular polygonal shape.

"The peaks of these formations are stable. It is the space between the mounds that is sinking," said Nikita Tananayev, director of the climate laboratory at the Federal Northeastern University in the regional capital Yakutsk.

"With climate change, the ice is melting faster," he told AFP.

The mounds' distinctive shape is due to the fact that the underground ice that is melting is shaped in polygons.

Permafrost is a layer of soil that is never supposed to thaw and covers around 65 percent of Russia's territory.

- Record mild weather -

The distinctive mounds have even been appearing in urban areas in Yakutia.

In the town of Churapcha, around 135 kilometres from Yakutsk, the land Innokenty Poselsky bought last year to build a house has around 20 mounds.

"About 40 years ago, there was an airstrip here and the land used to be quite flat," the 34-year-old said.

"Over the last four decades, the landscape has become pockmarked. It's like that everywhere here," he said.

Poselsky said he has only managed to level around half of the land. His house is built on piles deeply embedded in the permafrost -- like all the buildings in the region.

The thaw is having a visible effect on residential and commercial property -- the walls of some buildings are subsiding and cracking.

"Over 40 percent" of buildings on permafrost are affected by thawing, Mikhail Kuznetsov, head of the federal agency for development of the Russian Far East, said last year.

Tananayev said rising temperatures were to blame.

Temperatures have gone up by "1.5 degrees Celsius in the last 30 years" in Yakutia and "up to two degrees in some areas", he added.

The numbers chime with data from global observatories using ice cores that show the last two years -- 2023 and 2024 -- were the hottest on Earth for more than 120,000 years.

Global warming is largely caused by fossil fuel consumption and Russia is the world's fifth biggest global emitter of greenhouse gases.

- Viruses and bacteria -

"A difference of one or two degrees Celsius, even if the temperatures are still negative, is very big in scientific terms because the permafrost does not freeze as deeply as usual," said Alexander Makarov, director of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in Saint Petersburg.

The Institute is investigating the permafrost at 78 observation points in 12 regions of Russia and is hoping to increase the number to 140 points.

The thaw is also releasing more carbon dioxide and methane -- two greenhouse gases that were preserved in the ice for thousands of years.

That creates a vicious circle as the gases make climate change worse and in turn lead to more permafrost thaw.

Apart from effects on the climate, scientists warn that the thawing permafrost also has a health risk as it can release bacteria and viruses.

In 2016, a child died in Siberia because of anthrax -- which had not been seen in the region for 75 years.

Scientists believe it came from a reindeer that died of anthrax and was preserved in ice for decades.

Once released, the bacterium, which can stay in the ice for more than 100 years, had infected a reindeer herd.

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Columbus OH (SPX) Apr 30, 2025 - Scientists examining ancient ice cores from tropical mountains have uncovered critical evidence that challenges long-held assumptions about global temperatures during the Holocene epoch. Their findings may lead to significant revisions in how climate models forecast Earth's future.

The study, conducted by researchers at The Ohio State University and published in *Communications Earth and Environment*, compares natural proxy records from ice cores in Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical regions with climate simulations of the Holocene, a period that began approximately 11,700 years ago. While data from polar regions align with climate models, those from tropical mountains diverge significantly.

This mismatch, referred to as the Holocene temperature conundrum, centers on a discrepancy between climate simulations that show steady early warming and ice core records suggesting later cooling. "Current climate models posit that the planet experienced an early, steady increase in warming throughout the Holocene, but most of the paleoclimate samples suggest that later in the Holocene Earth experienced a global cooling period," said Yuntao Bao, lead author and postdoctoral scholar at Ohio State.

Ice cores from high-altitude regions such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Huascaran in Peru revealed cooling of 0.8 to 1.8 degrees Celsius during the Holocene, whereas climate models predict a warming of about 1.5 degrees. The discrepancy is attributed to orbital forcing-changes in Earth's orbit and tilt affecting solar energy distribution-but existing models may overlook other key factors like vegetation dynamics and land use changes.

"All models have different kinds of uncertainties," Bao explained. "But by using ice core isotopic data as a guide, we can find a better way to evaluate how good or how bad our climate models are."

The research employed the Community Earth System Model, which integrates atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial processes. However, the study notes that the model alone cannot account for the complex isotopic variations observed in tropical regions. No single mechanism, including rainfall or temperature shifts, fully explains the ice core evidence.

Lonnie Thompson, co-author and earth sciences professor at Ohio State, emphasized the importance of refining models using robust paleoclimate data. "This type of study is extremely important because we're looking at both the shortcomings in the data and the models," Thompson said. He added that reproducible records from ice cores make them vital for reconstructing past climate accurately.

Thompson warned that if current models cannot account for subtle natural variability, their future predictions may be flawed. The team calls on the paleoclimate community to contribute toward improving simulations and enhancing climate forecasts amid accelerating biodiversity loss.

"Big breakthroughs in science are going to come along the boundaries of collaboration," said Thompson. "We can work together to tackle these issues."

Research Report:Climate simulations and ice core data highlight the Holocene conundrum over tropical mountains

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:09:02 AEST Subscribe to our daily selection of space, military, environment and energy newsletters responseText http://visitor.constantcontact.com/manage/optin/ea?v=0016gbbKsaiGSpQFojVO8ZoHw%3D%3D